{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:56Z","timestamp":1793073716824,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) initiative at University College London Hospitals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON) is a common feature of inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) such as multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin 4-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4 + NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013associated disease (MOGAD). However, the involvement of the optic chiasm (OC) in IDD has not been fully investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine OC differences in non-acute IDD patients with (ON+) and without ON (ON\u2212) using magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR), to compare differences between MS, AQP4 + NMOSD and MOGAD and understand their associations with other neuro-ophthalmological markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 24 AQP4 + NMOSD, 28 MOGAD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical evaluation, MRI and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. Multivariable linear regression models were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ON + IDD patients showed lower OC MTR than HCs (28.87 \u00b1 4.58 vs 31.65 \u00b1 4.93; p = 0.004). When compared with HCs, lower OC MTR was found in ON + AQP4 + NMOSD (28.55 \u00b1 4.18 vs 31.65 \u00b1 4.93; p = 0.020) and MOGAD (28.73 \u00b1 4.99 vs 31.65 \u00b1 4.93; p = 0.007) and in ON\u2212 AQP4 + NMOSD (28.37 \u00b1 7.27 vs 31.65 \u00b1 4.93; p = 0.035). ON+ RRMS had lower MTR than ON\u2212 RRMS (28.87 \u00b1 4.58 vs 30.99 \u00b1 4.76; p = 0.038). Lower OC MTR was associated with higher number of ON (regression coefficient (RC) = \u22121.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = \u22121.819 to \u22120.490, p = 0.001), worse visual acuity (RC = \u22120.026, 95% CI = \u22120.041 to \u22120.011, p = 0.001) and lower peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness (RC = 1.129, 95% CI = 0.199 to 2.059, p = 0.018) when considering the whole IDD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OC microstructural damage indicates prior ON in IDD and is linked to reduced vision and thinner pRNFL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241240420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T06:14:01Z","timestamp":1713766441000},"page":"674-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optic chiasm involvement in multiple sclerosis, aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein\u2013associated disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Alessia","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, 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