{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:57:06Z","timestamp":1783339026865,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at risk of concurrently using multiple central nervous system (CNS)-active drugs, yet the prevalence of CNS-active polypharmacy remains unmeasured in pwMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective is to measure the prevalence of CNS-active polypharmacy in pwMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This serial, cross-sectional study measured CNS-active polypharmacy in people with MS in the United States from 2008 to 2021 using insurance claims data. CNS-active polypharmacy was defined as the concurrent prescription of \u2a7e3 CNS-active drugs for &gt;30 continuous days. CNS-active drugs included antidepressants, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics, opioids, and skeletal muscle relaxants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of subjects included at each time point ranged from 23,917 subjects in 2008 to 55,797 subjects in 2021. In 2021, subjects with CNS-active polypharmacy were more likely to be 46\u201365 years of age and have CNS-related comorbidities compared to those without CNS-active polypharmacy. From 2008 to 2021, the age-adjusted prevalence of CNS-active polypharmacy among female subjects increased from 19.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 19.1\u201320.4) to 26.4% (95% CI = 25.9\u201326.8) versus 15.9% (95% CI = 14.8\u201317.0) to 18.6% (95% CI = 17.9\u201319.2) in male subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CNS-active polypharmacy has increased among people with MS with a growing disparity by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241251986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T02:39:05Z","timestamp":1715827145000},"page":"1139-1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trends in central nervous system-active polypharmacy among people with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8635-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayden","family":"Naizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"},{"name":"McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Wozny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trudy Millard","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Huson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leorah","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/codon.multiplesclerosis.2017.ch4"},{"key":"bibr2-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329508"},{"key":"bibr3-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2015.03.001"},{"key":"bibr4-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516643600"},{"key":"bibr5-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564491"},{"key":"bibr6-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.12.002"},{"key":"bibr7-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372"},{"key":"bibr8-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"key":"bibr9-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13702"},{"key":"bibr10-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-023-01066-w"},{"key":"bibr11-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107261"},{"key":"bibr12-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14930"},{"key":"bibr13-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9225"},{"key":"bibr14-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16369"},{"key":"bibr15-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698"},{"key":"bibr16-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006"},{"key":"bibr17-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17508"},{"key":"bibr18-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.93"},{"key":"bibr19-13524585241251986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211007739"},{"key":"bibr20-13524585241251986","first-page":"317859","volume":"2015","author":"Beiske GAG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"bibr21-13524585241251986","unstructured":"Clinformatics\n                      \u00ae\n                      Data Mart Database. 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