{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:38:31Z","timestamp":1777937911936,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS082347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS082347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD) following retro-chiasmal pathology, typically retro-geniculate in multiple sclerosis (MS), may manifest as homonymous hemi-macular atrophy (HHMA) of the ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the frequency, association with clinical outcomes, and retinal and radiological features of HHMA in people with MS (PwMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, healthy controls (HC) and PwMS underwent retinal optical coherence tomography scanning. For quantitative identification of HHMA, a normalized asymmetry ratio was used, and its normative cutoffs were established from the HC. HHMA PwMS were propensity score matched 1:2 to non-HHMA PwMS. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used in analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on normative data from 238 HC (466 eyes), 79 out of 942 PwMS exhibited HHMA (8.4%; 143 eyes). Compared to non-HHMA eyes from matched PwMS (158 PwMS; 308 eyes), HHMA eyes had lower average GCIPL (diff: \u22125.7 \u03bcm (95% CI \u22127.6 to \u22123.8); p &lt; 0.001) but also inner nuclear layer (diff: \u22120.9 \u03bcm (95% CI \u22121.6 to \u22120.1); p = 0.02), and outer nuclear layer (diff: \u22121.9 \u03bcm (95% CI \u22123.4 to \u22120.4); p = 0.02) thicknesses; in further analyses, these differences were exclusive to the homonymous side of HHMA. HHMA participants also exhibited higher expanded disability status scale scores (diff: 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9); p = 0.02), worse 100% and 2.5% visual acuity scores (diff: \u22123.2 (95% CI \u22124.1 to \u22121.0); p = 0.002, \u22125.4 (95% CI \u22127.5 to \u22123.5); p &lt; 0.001), and higher frequency of microcystoid macular changes (10.1% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.03) compared to non-HHMA participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HHMA, possibly as a marker of TSD, may signify higher disability in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241297816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T07:11:29Z","timestamp":1732345889000},"page":"1802-1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Homonymous hemi-macular atrophy in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigorios","family":"Kalaitzidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Ezzedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olwen C","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki G","family":"Filippatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ehrhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simidele","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological 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