{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:38:40Z","timestamp":1777937920065,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-20-1-0503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-20-1-0503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Memory decline is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), although pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to investigate the relationship of changes in structural and functional neuroimaging markers to memory decline over 3-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with MS underwent cognitive evaluation and structural, diffusion, and functional 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Changes in neuroimaging metrics from baseline to follow-up were compared between memory stable and memory decline groups. Our hypothesis that structural and functional connectivity changes mediate the association of atrophy to memory decline was tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 249 MS patients completed baseline visit; 169 (67.8%) returned at 3-year follow-up. Based on \u2a7e10% decline, memory decline was observed in 44.4% ( n = 75). Those with memory decline showed marginally greater whole-brain volume loss over time compared with those with stable memory performance ( p = 0.08). In those with memory decline, changes in white matter tract integrity were related to regional cortical thinning ( p &lt; 0.01). Exploratory mediation analysis revealed structural and functional connectivity to mediate the relationship of atrophy to verbal and visual memory decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further work is needed to characterize complex interrelationships of atrophy and structural\/functional connectivity changes to memory decline in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241303491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:13:12Z","timestamp":1735881192000},"page":"207-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal investigation of neuroimaging changes related to memory decline in multiple sclerosis: Testing a mechanistic model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Simani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceren","family":"Tozlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seonjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Dworkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia 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