{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T15:58:30Z","timestamp":1782057510174,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23NS126718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS126718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of compartmentalized intraparenchymal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective was to investigate clinical, demographic, and MRI factors that may be predictive of the future formation of PRL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data. Patients were included if they had \u2a7e1 gadolinium-enhancing lesion on any historical MRI and follow-up scan(s) \u2a7e6 months afterward on a standardized 3T MRI using the filtered phase component of a susceptibility-sensitive sequence (\u201cSWAN\u201d). Regression and machine-learning models were used to identify the predictive ability of demographic, clinical, immunological, treatment-related, and MRI predictors of PRL formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 64 patients having 229 contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) were included. Among all predictors, the diameter of the initial enhancing lesion was the most influential for determining subsequent PRL formation; every millimeter increase in diameter increased the risk of PRL formation by 44%. Other factors did not contribute additional information; the administration of steroids was not associated with any effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-axis diameter of a CEL is the best translational predictor of subsequent PRL formation at follow-up. This measure holds promise as a method to identify patients at high risk of chronic active lesion formation during the acute inflammatory window.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241310764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T05:02:08Z","timestamp":1737090128000},"page":"263-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Al Gburi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2901-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Absinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda I","family":"Gait\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathish K","family":"Dundamadappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C","family":"Hemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"},{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221118677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-abn2.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23959"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"987","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping of time-dependent susceptibility changes in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"40","author":"Zhang S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang S, Nguyen TD, Hurtado R\u00faa SM, et al. 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