{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:43:34Z","timestamp":1787510614418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MS-SMART was funded by Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","award":["project number 11\/30\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project number 11\/30\/11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomarkers are needed to track progression in MS trials. Neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) has been underutilized due to assay limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the added value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfH in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) using contemporary immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This exploratory study was part of the MS-SMART trial. Clinical assessments (including expanded disability status scale, upper and lower limb function, visual acuity and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)), CSF and serum sampling were acquired at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 54), 48 and 96 weeks. Brain magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) were obtained at baseline and 96 weeks. The NfL and NfH were measured using single-molecule array assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline CSF NfH and NfL correlated with information processing speed at 96 weeks, with CSF NfH showing stronger correlations (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.49 for SDMT) than CSF NfL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.37 for SDMT). Baseline CSF NfL predicted poorer hand dexterity at baseline, 48 and 96 weeks. CSF NfH was the only predictor of cortical grey matter at baseline, while baseline CSF NfL was the only predictor of brain atrophy at 96 weeks. Serum neurofilaments showed limited associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF neurofilaments are better outcomes than serum neurofilaments in small SPMS studies. CSF NfH and NfL variably predict worsening hand function, information processing speed and brain volume loss, possibly reflecting complementary aspects of neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241311212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T02:41:54Z","timestamp":1737600114000},"page":"303-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neurofilament heavy chain in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 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Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anisha","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevin A","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stutters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0902-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dave","family":"MacManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Schmierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Barts and The London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University 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