{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:39:08Z","timestamp":1777937948727,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cascade sign was reported in 2003 as pathognomonic of the parenchymal form of neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s. At the time, diencephalo-mesencephalic lesions in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) were largely ignored. Only with the 2015 revision of NMO spectrum disorders diagnostic criteria, were localizations in these areas fully acknowledged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case report:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we report a case of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD presenting with acute transverse myelitis, bilateral optic neuritis, with early brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing confluent diencephalo-mesencephalic lesions evoking the cascade sign (Figure 1, a-b).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI presentation evoking the cascade sign might hinder the correct differential diagnosis and delay appropriate treatment in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251356820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T06:26:08Z","timestamp":1758003968000},"page":"1679-1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The cascade sign in aquaporin-4-IgG positive (AQP4-IgG+) NMOSD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5860-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Bonan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italia, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Bombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, Bellaria Carlo Alberto Pizzardi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6444-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Rondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Policlinico di Sant\u2019Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2902-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lugaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italia, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.7.964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1102-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cleaver J Morrison H Renowden SA et al. An important diagnostic clue for neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: The \u201cCascade sign \u201d rheumatology 2022; 61(5): e130\u2013e131.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2023-003875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11910-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001168"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251356820","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585251356820","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251356820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:18:59Z","timestamp":1777695539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585251356820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585251356820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585251356820","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]}}}