{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:12:12Z","timestamp":1792843932516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG021342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG021342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AG019134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG019134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHA.24RSSPOST1328228.pc.gr.197089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHA.24RSSPOST1328228.pc.gr.197089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic risk scores (GRSs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) help identify high-risk individuals and stratify populations for clinical trials, but most are derived from European populations, raising questions about GRS accuracy in other ancestries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine whether an MS GRS can stratify individuals of African and Latino\/admixed ancestry and assess whether the JointPRS tool enhances GRS portability in African ancestry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study using All of Us (2018\u20132022), we derived a GRS from 232 variants for 32,428 European, 32,428 African, and 32,428 Latino\/admixed participants, each divided into quintiles. The outcome was MS ascertained through International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9\/10 and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes. JointPRS was used to improve GRS portability in the African-ancestry group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MS prevalence was 1.0% in European, 0.56% in African, and 0.46% in Latino\/admixed participants. The GRS stratified MS risk effectively in European (odds ratio (OR) = 2.30 (1.60\u20133.36);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Latino\/admixed (OR = 2.53 (1.43\u20134.85);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) ancestry groups but did not significantly partition African participants (OR = 1.30 (0.88\u20131.95);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -trend\u2009=\u20090.17). After applying JointPRS, stratification in African ancestry improved (OR = 3.02 (1.00\u20138.95);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -trend\u2009=\u20090.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A GRS for MS stratified European and Latino\/admixed individuals but not African ancestry. Incorporating African-specific data enhanced performance, underscoring the need for more ancestry-tailored GRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251377607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T17:35:12Z","timestamp":1758735312000},"page":"1304-1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential results of genetic risk scoring for multiple sclerosis in European and African American populations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyprien A","family":"Rivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Clocchiatti-Tuozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucila","family":"Ohno-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Hafler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido J","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E","family":"Longbrake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44917-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909559107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1809937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-03717-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"JointPRS: A data-adaptive framework for multi-population genetic risk prediction incorporating genetic correlation","author":"Xu L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu L, Zhou G, Jiang W, et al JointPRS: A data-adaptive framework for multi-population genetic risk prediction incorporating genetic correlation. bioRxiv 2024.","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj1182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbae207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00638-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519863764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01054-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-022-00192-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-00306-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/161.1.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251377607","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585251377607","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251377607","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:19:35Z","timestamp":1777695575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585251377607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585251377607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585251377607","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]}}}