{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:43:12Z","timestamp":1788453792768,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2024MD754034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MD754034"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82302150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302150"]}]},{"name":"Science-Health Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing","award":["2023ZDXM006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDXM006"]}]},{"name":"Science-Health Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing","award":["2024MSXM074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MSXM074"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2023CQBSHTB3104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CQBSHTB3104"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0973"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibited intrinsic heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess whether T1-intensity-based stratification captures PRL heterogeneity and its clinical associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included 112 patients with MS. PRLs were classified using corresponding T1-weighted black holes (BH) into four subtypes: PRL+BH+, PRL+BH\u2212, PRL\u2212BH+, PRL\u2212BH\u2212. The diffusion kurtosis metrics, neurite density index (NDI) and subvoxel paramagnetic\/diamagnetic susceptibility were analyzed among different lesion types. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to assess associations between PRL subtype and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PRL+BH+ exhibited lower axial\/radial\/mean kurtosis, NDI and diamagnetic susceptibility (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than PRL+BH\u2212. PRL+BH+ volume correlated positively with higher EDSS (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.061, 95% CI: 0.033 to 0.085,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and with lower SDMT (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22122.096, 95% CI: \u22123.196 to \u22120.996,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) and brain parenchymal volume (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22122.928, 95% CI: \u22125.415 to \u22121.553\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Total PRL volume was associated with higher EDSS (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.054, 95% CI: 0.033 to 0.075,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our finding support the utility of T1-intensity for distinguishing heterogeneity within PRLs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251389809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T08:23:17Z","timestamp":1762762997000},"page":"1651-1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["T1-based stratification of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: Evidence of microstructural heterogeneity and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zhuowei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1391-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huajiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Moccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE HealthCare MR Research, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College 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