{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:04:06Z","timestamp":1782965046401,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"canada first research excellence fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"canadian institutes of health research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN# MOP-84367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN# MOP-84367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Canada Biomedical Research Operating Grant","award":["Fund #3613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fund #3613"]}]},{"name":"National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant","award":["RGPIN-2018-05047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-05047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MS imaging studies have demonstrated an ependymal \u201csurface-in\u201d distribution of white matter damage. The origin of this effect and how it impacts myelinated axons in people with MS (PwMS) is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate (1) whether there is clear evidence of tract-wise, periventricular damage, based on fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axonal water fraction (AWF) and myelin volume fraction (MVF), in PwMS, (2) if such tissue damage is associated with T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -\u201cblack-hole\u201d (T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -BH) and\/or non-BH lesions, and (3) if periventricular quantitative MRI abnormalities are correlated with lateral ventricle (LV) and choroid plexus (CP) enlargement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We applied structural, MT-weighted, and multi-shell diffusion MRI in healthy controls and PwMS to quantify periventricular gradient damage to axons and myelin. We also evaluated the correlation between such gradient damage and both non-BH and T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -BH lesion loads, and brain volume changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clear periventricular gradients exist in both AWF and MVF measures in the Association and Projection Tracts. They are strongly correlated with T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -BH lesion load, and with LV and CP enlargement in PwMS with EDSS &gt; 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tract-specific, periventricular gradients in PwMS exist prominently in AWF and MVF, are strongly associated with T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -BH lesion loads, and correlate with LV and CP enlargement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi S","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sridar","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, 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