{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:53:54Z","timestamp":1787165634854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program","award":["W81XWH-20-1-0503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-20-1-0503"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG038465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG038465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Language dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and early affected cognitive domain in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish a network-level model of language dysfunction in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive data and 3T structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were acquired from 54 MS patients and 54 matched healthy controls (HCs). Summary measures (anteriority, segregation, betweenness, withinness) of the extended language network (ELN) were calculated, and structural imaging metrics were derived. Group differences in ELN connectivity were evaluated. Associations between ELN connectivity and language performance were assessed; in the MS group, dimensionality reduction was used to assess relationships between language performance and multimodal functional, structural, and diffusion-based neuroimaging features derived from ELN-related areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The MS group performed worse on semantic fluency and rapid automized naming tests (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005) compared with HCs. Regarding ELN measures, the MS group exhibited higher within-ELN connectivity than HCs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded a multimodal latent component that uniquely correlated with language performance in the MS group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified network-level functional and structural measures to potentially characterize language dysfunction in MS. Further studies leveraging these features may reveal mechanisms and predictors of language dysfunction specific to MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251398451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:08:41Z","timestamp":1767197321000},"page":"224-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterizing the extended language network in individuals with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6880-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S","family":"Ratzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Simani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan D","family":"Dworkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korhan","family":"Buyukturkoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia MS Center and Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire S","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia MS Center and Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria M","family":"Leavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864231180719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519881760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000544813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241290102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251366096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-03015-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01114-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221099169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Longitudinal investigation of neuroimaging changes related to memory decline in multiple sclerosis: Testing a mechanistic model","author":"Simani L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Simani L, Tozlu C, Lee S, et al. 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