{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:27:49Z","timestamp":1783380469127,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables in vivo assessment of retinal layers and is an emerging biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). In relapsing MS, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness predict disease progression, but their role in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether pRNFL and GCIPL predict disability progression and retinal, brain, and spinal cord atrophy (SCA) in PPMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective longitudinal study of 69 PPMS patients with clinical, OCT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Patients stratified by pRNFL and GCIPL thickness tertiles (lower vs intermediate-upper). Annual thinning rates for pRNFL and GCIPL (aLpRNFL and aLGCIPL) estimated via linear regression. MRI assessed baseline and follow-up brain volumes, spinal cord area, and percentage of brain volume change (PBVC). Analyses included regression models, Kaplan\u2013Meier, and Cox survival regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      pRNFL\u2009\u2a7d\u200987\u2009\u03bcm was associated with higher follow-up Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (6.0 (interquartile range (IQR) = 4.5\u20136.5) vs 4.0 (IQR = 3.0\u20136.0),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013). Risk of confirmed disability progression (CDP) increased 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03\u201311.30,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) over 2\u2009years (IQR = 1.0\u20133.0), with median time to CDP of 1.84 vs 3.67\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027). Longitudinally, pRNFL \u2a7d87\u2009\u03bcm showed faster retinal thinning (aLpRNFL = \u22121.66 vs \u22120.31 \u00b5m\/year,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), greater whole-brain atrophy (PBVC = \u22121.20%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), and greater SCA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.333,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PPMS, pRNFL predicts disability progression and greater retinal, brain, and SCA, supporting its role as a surrogate marker of neurodegeneration in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251407976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T01:29:28Z","timestamp":1769822968000},"page":"279-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optic nerve imaging with OCT predicts disease progression and monitors brain and spinal atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7356-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Pareto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4048-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Tagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Sceppacuercia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Alberich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Villacieros-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2574-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0lvaro","family":"Cobo-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Tur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Arrambide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e8","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Castill\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neus","family":"Mongay-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6364-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Pappolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7981-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Midaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breogan","family":"Rodriguez-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8147-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu","family":"Vilaseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3860-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Zabalza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Comabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Tintor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1589-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Sastre-Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0lex","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Montalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat) and Department of Neurology Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7270-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Vidal-Jordana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00068-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0985-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000295995.46586.ae"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11535-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Predictive value 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Predictive value of retinal atrophy for cognitive decline across disease duration in multiple sclerosis. 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