{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:20:58Z","timestamp":1791580858156,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocrelizumab (OCR) and ofatumumab (OFB) are disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients on these DMT\u2019s are at higher risk of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG), which may increase the risk of infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the impact of OCR and OFB and patient-specific, independent factors in developing HGG and serious infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, cohort retrospective study included patients who had received induction dosing with OCR or OFB. The primary outcome was the incidence and predictors of HGG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 911 patients (732 OCR, 179 OFB) were included. The mean (\u00b1SD) age was 45.4 (\u00b112.8\u2009years), and 68.6% were female. A total of 9.8% of patients developed HGG. Univariate analysis associated older age, Caucasian race, longer time on therapy, and lower baseline immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels as potential risk factors for HGG. Multivariable regression identified age\u2009\u2a7e50\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039), Caucasian race (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002), and time on therapy\u2009\u2a7e3\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0094) as independent risk factors for HGG. Eight percent of patients experienced a serious infection. Multivariable regression identified HGG, lymphopenia, time on therapy\u2009\u2a7e3\u2009years, previous DMT use, and progressive phenotype as independent risk factors for serious infection. A propensity-score-matching analysis found no differences in HGG and serious infection rates between OCR and OFB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age over 50, Caucasian race, time on therapy 3 or more years were risk factors for HGG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251412125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:09:46Z","timestamp":1770703786000},"page":"338-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real world predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia and serious infections in patients receiving ocrelizumab or ofatumumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: The REPLACE-MS study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5686-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiranpal Singh","family":"Sangha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Pharmacy; Neurology, The Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3863-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin","family":"Jakubecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Neurology, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals, Specialty Pharmacy, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0182-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Maynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacist, Neurosciences Clinic, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto S","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0668-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of MS, Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aram","family":"Zabeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4182-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0113-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Woodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Nurse Practitioner, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-3277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Z","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241277736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Drug Safety-related Labeling Changes (SrLC) Accessed May 18 2025 https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/safetylabelingchanges\/index.cfm?event=searchdetail.page&DrugNameID=1356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105028"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251412125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585251412125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585251412125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:47:20Z","timestamp":1779356840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585251412125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585251412125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585251412125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]}}}