{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:32:47Z","timestamp":1792740767647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JF-2007-36755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JF-2007-36755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS117541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS117541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS121928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS121928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS133005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS133005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS123141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS123141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biological age may better capture differences in disease course among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) of identical chronological age. We investigated biological age acceleration through metabolomic age (mAge) in PwMS and its association with social determinants of health (SDoH) measured by area deprivation index (ADI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>mAge was calculated for two cohorts: 323 PwMS and 66 healthy controls (HCs); 101 HCs and 71 DMT-na\u00efve PwMS, using an aging clock derived from 11,977 healthy adults. mAge acceleration, the difference between mAge and chronological age, was compared between groups using generalized linear and mixed-effects models, and its association with ADI was assessed via linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Estimated mAge showed a modest correlation with chronological age (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u22480.20\u20130.25). Cross-sectionally, PwMS had higher age acceleration than HCs: 9.77\u2009years in adult PwMS (95% CI: 6.57\u201312.97,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.3e-09), and 4.90\u2009years in adult DMT-na\u00efve PwMS (95% CI: 0.85\u20139.01,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Longitudinally, PwMS aged 1.19 mAge years per chronological year (95% CI: 0.18\u20132.20;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), faster than HCs. In PwMS, a 10-percentile increase in ADI was associated with a 0.63-year (95% CI: 0.10\u20131.18;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) increase in age acceleration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated accelerated mAge in PwMS and its association with social disadvantage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261417120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:40:27Z","timestamp":1771594827000},"page":"421-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Accelerated metabolomic aging and its association with social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8562-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Siavoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2294-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rezvan","family":"Noroozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius A","family":"Schoeps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farren BS","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Waubant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M","family":"Mowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7776-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavan","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3137-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn C","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 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