{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:07Z","timestamp":1792800007876,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"japan society for the promotion of science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K06964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K06964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"takeda science foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"nakatomi foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0196vdc40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2024 revised McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) incorporate central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL), but their utility in Asian patients remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of CVS, PRL and cortical lesion (CL) in distinguishing MS from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in Japanese patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 139 MS, 41 NMOSD and 12 MOGAD patients who underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including susceptibility-weighted imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At least one CVS was identified in 95% of MS, 59% of NMOSD and 42% of MOGAD, while PRL occurred in 63% of MS only. The CVS number (cutoff\u2009\u2a7e\u20092) yielded 85.6% sensitivity and 75.5% specificity (area under the curve (AUC) 0.856), which improved in patients\u2009&lt;50 (AUC 0.920) or\u2009&lt;70\u2009years (AUC 0.907), and when combined with PRL and CL (AUC 0.926). The Select 6 algorithm achieved 69.1% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity (AUC 0.836), which were comparable in\u2009patients &lt;50 (AUC 0.879) or\u2009&lt;70\u2009years (AUC 0.839), but improved when combined with PRL and CL (AUC 0.925).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining Select 6 or CVS number with PRL and CL, particularly in patients\u2009&lt;50 or\u2009&lt;70 years, provides robust diagnostic performance for MS in the Asian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261420650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:26:24Z","timestamp":1772177184000},"page":"385-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic performance of central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesion and cortical lesion in Asian patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Matsuyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8826-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eikichi","family":"Igeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Radiology Department, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Kamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Togao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 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