{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:20:33Z","timestamp":1787509233435,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2RX003407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2RX003407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) detected on susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent chronic active lesions and correlate with disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, optimal detection methods remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare PRL detection using filtered-phase imaging versus susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and assess inter-rater reliability among clinical neuroimmunologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 3T MRI from 44 relapsing-remitting MS patients. Four neurologists with neuroimmunology training received 30-minute training sessions and evaluated PRLs on both filtered-phase and SWI sequences. Consensus adjudication resolved discordant ratings and served as the reference standard for calculating diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRLs were identified in 21\/44 patients (48%). Relative to consensus as the reference standard, SWI demonstrated higher sensitivity than filtered-phase imaging (66.0% vs. 60.4%), while filtered phase showed superior positive predictive value (0.903 vs. 0.714). Both sequences achieved very high specificity (&gt;97%). Inter-rater reliability was good for SWI (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC]\u2009=\u20090.85) and moderate for filtered phase (ICC\u2009=\u20090.71) for per-subject PRL counts. Vascular complexity was the most common cause of false-positive identification (65% of cases).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both techniques reliably detect PRLs with substantial inter-rater agreement. Filtered-phase imaging offers superior positive predictive value, while SWI provides better sensitivity and inter-rater reliability. Further development of a standardized training program for assessment of PRL and studies directly comparing susceptibility-sensitive sequences on different vendor platforms are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261439651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T14:32:31Z","timestamp":1777213951000},"page":"634-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Filtered-phase imaging versus susceptibility-weighted imaging for paramagnetic rim lesion detection in multiple sclerosis: A head-to-head comparison"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5899-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Hollen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C","family":"Hemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca I","family":"Spain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cole","family":"Crowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8719-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Silbermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1636-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","article-title":"Targeting smouldering neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: Insights from tolebrutinib clinical trials","volume":"54","author":"Trojano M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trojano M, Paolicelli D. Targeting smouldering neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: Insights from tolebrutinib clinical trials. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2025; 54: 101359.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.01.029"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261439651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585261439651","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261439651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:44:04Z","timestamp":1779101044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585261439651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585261439651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585261439651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]}}}