{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:21:43Z","timestamp":1788531703630,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The spinal cord plays a central role in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet remains under-studied compared with the brain. This review summarizes key insights from the 2025 North American Imaging in MS Spinal Cord Imaging Workshop, highlighting recent advances, ongoing challenges, and future opportunities in MS spinal cord imaging. We review pathological studies and outline the clinical relevance of spinal cord lesions and atrophy for diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring, highlighting emerging biomarkers of progression independent of relapse activity. Correlations between magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, and clinical outcomes support the validation and translational potential of advanced spinal cord imaging techniques. Finally, we discuss spinal cord\u2013specific processing pipelines and reproducibility challenges. Collectively, these insights underscore the need to integrate advanced and quantitative spinal cord imaging into clinical trials, research studies, and\u2014when feasible\u2014clinical care, to fully capture the extent of MS pathology, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261444600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:43:57Z","timestamp":1780335837000},"page":"993-1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal cord imaging for multiple sclerosis: Advances, priorities, and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia","family":"Laule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, Physics &amp; Astronomy, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Cohen-Adad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2939-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atlee A","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0342-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele C","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Granziera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B Mark","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Kerbrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies du Num\u00e9rique, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C","family":"Klawiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Kolind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), Radiology, Physics &amp; Astronomy, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4550-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin P","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt G","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K","family":"Sivakolundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Tozlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene M","family":"Vavasour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, UBC MRI Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nashville Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Nashville, TN, USA; Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan A","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Mainero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Alonso-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8601-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7839-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin S","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Brier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Hemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8348-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David KB","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Departments of Radiology and Medicine (Neurology), MS\/MRI Research Group, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell T","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland G","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (NAIMS) Cooperative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Pathological anatomy: Illustrations on elementary forms of disease","author":"Carswell R.","year":"1883","unstructured":"Carswell R. Pathological anatomy: Illustrations on elementary forms of disease. London: Longman, 1883."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Anatomie pathologique du corps humain","author":"Cruveilhier J.","year":"1829","unstructured":"Cruveilhier J. Anatomie pathologique du corps humain. Paris: JB Bailli\u00e8re, 1829."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01878008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1950.02310210028003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1978.tb00555.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000211800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02700-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.3.393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30460-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-331799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00304-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515599246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09526-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11829-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13068-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241228426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517697830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520910361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11541-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2021.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207768"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh323","article-title":"Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions","volume":"128","author":"Evangelou N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evangelou N, DeLuca GC, Owens T, et al. Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions. Brain 2005; 128(Pt. 1): 29\u201334.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2014.11.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord atrophy can be accurately quantified using head images","volume":"8","author":"Taheri K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taheri K, Vavasour IM, Abel S, et al. Cervical spinal cord atrophy can be accurately quantified using head images. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2022; 8(1): 20552173211070760.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512436593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21732"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2018.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(89)90011-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh9853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211001780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.102608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515624559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0192-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-008-9080-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1323109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01737-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12030397"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261444600","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585261444600","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261444600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T13:42:42Z","timestamp":1788529362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585261444600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585261444600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585261444600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}