{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:21:45Z","timestamp":1788531705047,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) experience higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with those with monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (mono-ADSs). Associations among racial identity, marginalization, and depression have not been investigated in these populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the relationship among racial identity, neighborhood marginalization, and depression in POMS compared with mono-ADS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary analysis of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-DC) and racial identity data linked to Canadian Marginalization Index scores for individuals with POMS and mono-ADS recruited from The Hospital for Sick Children. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In POMS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009100, female\u2009=\u200965), being racialized was associated with elevated depressive symptoms in POMS (relative risk (RR)\u2009=\u20091.50, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.04, 2.15) but not in mono-ADS (RR\u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.55, 1.26). Black individuals (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) with POMS had higher odds of living in a neighborhood with the highest quintile of marginalization for material resources (OR\u2009=\u200912.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.96, 82.1) compared with White individuals. Higher depression scores are associated with lower household and dwellings scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.27, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.52, \u22120.017) in racialized POMS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racialized identity is associated with elevated depressive symptoms in POMS but not mono-ADS. Racial identity and neighborhood marginalization may influence depression in POMS. Longitudinal studies are needed to verify the direction of these relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261453239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T07:17:59Z","timestamp":1782717479000},"page":"1109-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial identity, marginalization, and depression in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7327-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Yejong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auva","family":"Zarandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0887-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Ann","family":"Marrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Motl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E Ann","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 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