{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:31:54Z","timestamp":1793467914668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent research has suggested that rituximab is not non-inferior to ocrelizumab in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). We compared the effectiveness of rituximab versus ocrelizumab in RMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with RMS treated with rituximab or ocrelizumab with \u2a7e12\u2009months of clinical follow-up and\/or post-rebaseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were propensity-scored matched 1:1 and included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcomes were annualized relapse rate (ARR), ARR ratio and cumulative hazard of relapses. The secondary outcome was the proportion of each group demonstrating post-rebaseline radiological activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 538 individuals were included in the primary (clinical) outcome analysis and 350 individuals were included in the secondary (radiologic) outcome analysis. Over a median 2-year follow-up, very low ARR was observed in both groups (rituximab: 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03\u20130.08) versus ocrelizumab: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.05)). The adjusted ARR ratio for rituximab compared with ocrelizumab was elevated at 1.76 (95% CI: 0.70\u20134.59), and the adjusted cumulative hazard of relapses was also elevated for rituximab-treated individuals (HR\u2009=\u20092.17 (95% CI: 0.91\u20135.1)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although our results suggest that rituximab may be inferior to ocrelizumab for relapse suppression, the rarity of relapses underpowered comparisons, and no definitive conclusions could be drawn.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261453817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:25:05Z","timestamp":1783099505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of rituximab versus ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis on clinical relapses and radiological outcomes in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan Y","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8544-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie I","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Clinical Outcomes Research (CORe) Unit, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jomana","family":"Morkous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyra","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0688-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher E","family":"Uy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alhalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Luiza","family":"Sayao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Traboulsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-7590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Devonshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izanne","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Clinical Outcomes Research (CORe) Unit, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Kalincik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Clinical Outcomes Research (CORe) Unit, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-1715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice J","family":"Schabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 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