{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:56:20Z","timestamp":1781459780872,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1611-26299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1611-26299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014842","name":"Race to Erase MS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A127771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A127771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To assess whether oxidative stress drives biomarkers implicated in disability progression independent of relapses, we randomized 2:1 fifteen adults with progressive MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 2.0\u20136.5) to receive high-dose oral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl cysteine (NAC, 1250\u2009mg TID), a major source of endogenous antioxidants, or placebo for 4\u2009weeks (NCT02804594). Using the Olink proximity extension assay, we measured 20 serum biomarkers at baseline and 4\u2009weeks on treatment. NAC resulted in decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (median change: \u221210.1\u2009pg\/mL vs. 39.5\u2009pg\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008) alongside stable neurofilament light chain levels (median change: 0.25\u2009pg\/mL vs. 0.61\u2009pg\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.777). Our exploratory biomarker findings suggest NAC may be a promising agent to delay MS progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261454840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:44:57Z","timestamp":1781174697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-dose\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -acetyl cysteine reduces GFAP levels: Exploratory results from a pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius A","family":"Schoeps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raviola","family":"Murataj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2624-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Virupakshaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson E","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M","family":"Krysko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6617-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bardia","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferhan","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Octave Bioscience, Menlo Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Waubant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0654-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517711568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.202200018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48602-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.5250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505955112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.1014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417510"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261454840","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585261454840","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585261454840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:07:05Z","timestamp":1781456825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585261454840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585261454840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585261454840","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"article-number":"13524585261454840"}}