{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T16:42:30Z","timestamp":1786207350757,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with diffuse brain damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated VRFs\u2019 impact on motor performance and sensorimotor network (SMN) structural integrity in MS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 268 MS patients and 180 healthy controls were classified according to VRF presence (VRF[+]) or absence (VRF[\u2212]). Clinical measures included Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed 25-Foot Walk test, and 9-Hole Peg Test. SMN integrity was assessed using white matter lesion volumes, cortical thickness of primary motor and somatosensory cortices, normalized deep gray matter volume (NDGMV), anterior (ACMA) and posterior cerebellar motor area volumes, mean upper cervical cord area, and diffusion metrics of the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, medial lemniscus (ML), and corticospinal tracts. Group differences and MS\u2013VRF interactions were examined. In MS, associations between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures were explored, focusing on VRF influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MS-VRF[+] patients showed higher EDSS scores and worse motor performance than MS-VRF[\u2212] (false discovery rate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value [pFDR]\u2009\u2a7d\u20090.004). Significant MS\u2013VRF interactions were observed for motor performance, ML mean diffusivity, NDGMV, and ACMA volumes (pFDR\u2009\u2a7d\u20090.039). In MS, EDSS was associated with the VRF \u00d7 ML fractional anisotropy interaction term (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.931,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VRFs may contribute to increased disability, motor impairment, and region-specific SMN structural damage in MS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261464469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T02:02:52Z","timestamp":1786068172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vascular risk factors\u2019 impact on motor performance and sensorimotor network structural integrity in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8522-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Albergoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Preziosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Ritroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Tedone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Storelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Valsasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; 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