{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:44:57Z","timestamp":1793724297359,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["820820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820820"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI","award":["CEX2023-0001290-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2023-0001290-S"]}]},{"name":"Juan de la Cierva Formacin","award":["FJC2021-046458-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJC2021-046458-I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"nextgenerationeu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022 INV-1 00046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 INV-1 00046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"engineering and physical sciences research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X031012\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X031012\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearable devices can measure real-world mobility and generate metrics known as digital mobility outcomes (DMOs). For people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), these DMOs have not been clinically validated. This study aimed to evaluate the construct (convergent, divergent, and known groups) validity of a comprehensive panel of 24 DMOs in pwMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PwMS were recruited to the Mobilise-D Clinical Validation Study, which involved 7-days of real-world mobility monitoring with a lower-back-worn wearable device. DMOs of walking amount, pattern, pace, rhythm, and variability domains were assessed. Convergent validity was evaluated against established clinical constructs (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed 25-Foot Walk, Multiple sclerosis (MS) Walking Scale-12, and Patient-Determined Disease Steps) using a priori hypotheses. Divergent validity was tested against systolic blood pressure. Known-groups validity was assessed across three EDSS strata. An expert panel completed a standardised consensus process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 556 participants: 65% women, mean (SD) age of 52.3 (10.7)\u2009years, and median (p25\u2013p75) EDSS 5 (4\u20136). Convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity were supported for 19, 24, and 23 DMOs, respectively. Nineteen DMOs, covering all domains, reached consensus agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study confirms the construct validity of 19 DMOs across all walking domains in pwMS, supporting their use in clinical research and practice.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN12051706\">www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN12051706<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585261464537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:52:27Z","timestamp":1785739947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Testing the construct validity of real-world digital mobility outcomes in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Brittain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; School of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; School of Medicine and Population Health, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Bosch Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Medizinische Forschung, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joren","family":"Buekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"de las Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1927-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Armengol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Caufield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight \u2013 Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8761-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Dalla Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Gassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisoara","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Leocani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Rochester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 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