{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:31:13Z","timestamp":1786966273118,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202409240047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202409240047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project","award":["2023ZDXM006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDXM006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024MD754034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MD754034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012546","name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CQBSHTB3104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CQBSHTB3104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Juxtacortical paramagnetic rims (JPRs) have emerged as potential biomarkers of cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet their susceptibility characteristics and clinical significance remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the heterogeneity of cortical lesions (CLs), with a particular focus on JPRs and clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-four patients underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including structural imaging, multi-echo gradient echo, and Magnetic Resonance Image Compilation (MAGiC) sequences. Paramagnetic (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>para<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and diamagnetic (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>dia<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) maps were reconstructed using subvoxel quantitative susceptibility mapping. CLs were identified, and those with JPRs were defined as JPR-associated CLs. Susceptibility metrics were compared across lesion subtypes and correlated with clinical and imaging measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 499 CLs, 15% were JPR-associated CLs, which exhibited elevated \u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>para<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements and reduced \u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>dia<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements. Patients with JPRs had a higher number of paramagnetic rim lesions (95% CI [2.445, 4.738],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), annualized relapse rates (95% CI [0.130, 0.297],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and lower digit span test scores (95% CI [\u22122.504, \u22120.473],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). The absolute \u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>para<\/jats:sub>\n                      and \u03c7\n                      <jats:sub>dia<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in all CLs were correlated with longer disease duration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.461,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.457,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>JPRs are a characteristic feature of CLs associated with greater clinical and radiological burden in MS.<\/jats:p>\n           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