{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:42:01Z","timestamp":1792096921157,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Telemed Telecare"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important procedure in the prevention of blindness in high-risk preterm infants. In the regionalised healthcare system of Queensland (Australia), outside of the major centres, some preterm infants are cared for in special care nurseries (SCNs). When necessary, infants in these nurseries who are at risk of ROP are transferred to a tertiary hospital for screening by paediatric ophthalmologists. The transport of preterm infants for eye examinations adds risk and incurs significant costs to the health system. Using a cost-minimisation approach, we aimed to compare the costs of the current ROP screening practice with two alternative telemedicine approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We constructed a decision analytic model to estimate costs from a health service perspective with a five-year analysis horizon; activity data from a tertiary ROP screening service were used to inform the models. The three models assessed were: (a) a digital retinal photography (DRP)-equipped travelling nurse, (b) equipping SCNs with DRP, and providing training to local nurses, and (c) current practice of infant transfer. In all cases, the tertiary centre provides specialist ophthalmologic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the three models, we estimated the most expensive option to be equipping SCNs with DRP and providing training to local nurses (AUD$4114\/infant). We found that the current practice of transferring infants was the second most expensive (AUD$1021\/infant). The most economical model was the specialist nurse travelling to each SCN with a portable DRP (AUD$363\/infant). A sensitivity analysis, which assessed uncertainty and variability around the cost estimates, found that the ranking for the expected costs of the alternative models of care did not change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first economic and cost-minimisation analysis in Australia to compare the costs of the current screening programme with two alternative telemedicine approaches for screening ROP. Telemedicine programmes that facilitate non-physician screening may improve the cost efficiency of the health system while maintaining the health outcomes for children, and reducing the risk associated with infant transport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633x20976028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T19:28:47Z","timestamp":1610566127000},"page":"196-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A cost-minimisation analysis comparing alternative telemedicine screening approaches for retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim-Huong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6196-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisira","family":"Edirippulige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel R","family":"Armfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6"},{"key":"bibr2-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52190-9"},{"key":"bibr3-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"Coats DK, Olitsky SE. Retinopathy of prematurity: Pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification, and screening. UpToDate, https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/retinopathy-of-prematurity-pathogenesis-epidemiology-classification-and-screening (2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/aes.2017.12.08"},{"key":"bibr5-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Queensland Health Retinopathy of Prematurity Factsheet, https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0037\/638848\/2017-rop-factsheet.pdf (2017)."},{"key":"bibr6-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13160"},{"key":"bibr7-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0649"},{"key":"bibr8-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1077-7"},{"key":"bibr9-1357633X20976028","first-page":"107","volume":"10","author":"Wu C","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediat Ophth Strab"},{"key":"bibr10-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"TreeAge Pro. TreeAge Software. Williamstown, MA, 2018."},{"key":"bibr11-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Queensland Health Wage Rates \u2013 Nursing Stream, https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/hrpolicies\/salary\/nursing (2017, accessed 4 May 2018)."},{"key":"bibr12-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"Google. Google Maps directions, www.google.com\/maps (n.d.)."},{"key":"bibr13-1357633X20976028","unstructured":"Australian Taxation Office. Taxation determination 2019\/11, https:\/\/www.ato.gov.au (2019, accessed 27 November 2019)."},{"key":"bibr14-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_48_17"},{"key":"bibr15-1357633X20976028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462304000984"}],"container-title":["Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1357633X20976028","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1357633X20976028","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1357633X20976028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:14:23Z","timestamp":1777691663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1357633X20976028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1357633X20976028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1357633x20976028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-633X","1758-1109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-633X","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]}}}