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Two independent reviewers (LQ and CZW) extracted information about origin, characteristics of study participants, eligibility criteria, characteristics of interventions, outcome measures and main results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 37 RCTs involving 5832 participants were included. The risk of bias was generally low in the included studies. The results indicated that mHealth-based physiotherapy for individuals\u2019 CNLBP was more effective in reducing pain intensity (standardized mean difference [SMD] \u22120.32, 95% CI \u22120.48 to \u22120.17;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), improving physical disability (SMD \u22120.30, 95% CI \u22120.42 to \u22120.18;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and decreasing fear-avoidance (SMD \u22120.28, 95% CI \u22120.47 to \u22120.09;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). However, the mHealth-based physiotherapy was less effective on decreasing anxiety (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.06\u20130.52;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and remained unclear in decreasing depression (SMD 0.13, 95% CI \u22120.05 to 0.31;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.16) and improving self-efficacy (SMD 0.14, 95% CI \u22120.06 to 0.34;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18). In subgroup analyses of pain intensity and physical disability, mHealth-based physiotherapy for individual with CNLBP was more effective than outpatient-based physiotherapy, home-based physiotherapy with simple supervision or unsupervision and waiting-list groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our meta-analysis suggested that mHealth-based physiotherapy holds significant potential for reducing pain intensity and fear-avoidance, and improving physical disability in individuals with CNLBP compared to traditional physiotherapy model. However, its effect was less on reducing anxiety and depression, and improving self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633x251340037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T04:34:40Z","timestamp":1748406880000},"page":"295-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The physical and psychological effectiveness of mHealth-based physiotherapy for patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2101-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihong","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangshu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiakang Zhongzhi Technology Company, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"The potential role of matrix rhythm therapy in managing chronic low back pain: a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Ansari S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ansari S, Sharma K, Khan Z. 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