{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:08:56Z","timestamp":1788991736615,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]],"date-time":"2011-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypothenar hammer syndrome is an uncommon cause of upper-extremity ischemia that is often overlooked in the absence of a thorough occupational and recreational history. Importantly, it is a reversible cause of hand ischemia that, if missed, can lead to significant morbidity and even amputation. The occupational ramifications and quality of life of those affected can be significant. Its relative rarity, set against the ubiquitous use of the hand as a \u2018hammer\u2019 is noteworthy. Several other causes of hand ischemia can present similarly; therefore, consideration of other etiologies must be thoroughly investigated. Key distinguishing clinical features, in addition to a detailed occupational and recreational history, may include characteristic sparing of the thumb, the absence of a hyperemic phase in \u2018Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon\u2019, and a positive Allen\u2019s sign. Both non-invasive and invasive diagnostic studies, including bilateral upper-limb segmental pulse volume recordings (PVR), arterial duplex examination, and upper-extremity angiography, are complementary to a thorough history and physical examination. Optimal management strategies are not well defined because of its rarity and resultant lack of quality, evidence-based data. Though most cases can be successfully managed non-operatively, micrographic arterial reconstruction may be limb saving in severe or recalcitrant cases. Newer, experimental strategies including selective sympathetic blockage using botulinum toxin A have been reported in a few recalcitrant cases. The brief case description illustrates the typical presentation and potential treatment strategies employed in a difficult case. A review of relevant literature is also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x11425878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]],"date-time":"2011-12-14T23:00:34Z","timestamp":1323903634000},"page":"108-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Hypothenar hammer syndrome: A case and brief review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Keith E","family":"Swanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Bartholomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.03.013"},{"key":"bibr2-1358863X11425878","first-page":"1122","volume":"68","author":"Conn J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"bibr3-1358863X11425878","first-page":"500","volume":"73","author":"Von Rosen S","year":"1934","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"bibr4-1358863X11425878","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Observations on aneurysm","author":"Guttani C","year":"1884"},{"key":"bibr5-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20364"},{"key":"bibr6-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.02.013"},{"key":"bibr7-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(00)70072-3"},{"key":"bibr8-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31815c95d3"},{"key":"bibr9-1358863X11425878","first-page":"409","volume":"113","author":"Coleman SS","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr10-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2008.775"},{"key":"bibr11-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg071"},{"key":"bibr12-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1972.04180110009004"},{"key":"bibr13-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90241-7"},{"key":"bibr14-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9900400304"},{"key":"bibr15-1358863X11425878","first-page":"IV3","volume":"82","author":"Olin JW","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bibr16-1358863X11425878","first-page":"1048","volume":"14","author":"Spencer-Green G","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr17-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90240-G"},{"key":"bibr18-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1324-3"},{"key":"bibr19-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574409334346"},{"key":"bibr20-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.04.078"},{"key":"bibr21-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050093"},{"key":"bibr22-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199610000-00003"},{"key":"bibr23-1358863X11425878","first-page":"215","volume":"17","author":"Bakhach J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"key":"bibr24-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90218-6"},{"key":"bibr25-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a805b0"},{"key":"bibr26-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.11.043"},{"key":"bibr27-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000244860.00674.57"},{"key":"bibr28-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a80576"},{"key":"bibr29-1358863X11425878","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.11.026"}],"container-title":["Vascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1358863X11425878","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1358863X11425878","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1358863X11425878","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:24:24Z","timestamp":1777692264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1358863X11425878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1358863X11425878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1358863x11425878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1358-863X","1477-0377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1358-863X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]}}}