{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:13:36Z","timestamp":1777936416874,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM104944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM104944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calf claudication is a significant cause of walking limitation for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are leg devices that can reduce the physical demands on the calf muscles during ambulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of AFO on walking ability in patients with PAD. This was an open-label, interventional trial including 15 patients with calf claudication who were fit with AFO. Patients completed graded treadmill testing, followed by 12 weeks of unstructured community-based walking using the AFO ad libitum. Comparison of peak walking time (PWT) at baseline versus 12 weeks was the primary outcome. A secondary outcome was claudication onset time (COT) assessed during graded treadmill tests. Change in walking ability of AFO group patients was also compared to outcomes from a historical PAD control group ( n = 10) who received upfront advice to walk at home. Patients in the AFO group significantly improved their walking ability from baseline to 12 weeks (mean \u00b1 SD) (PWT: 7.8 \u00b1 5.1 to 9.3 \u00b1 5.4 min, p = 0.049; COT: 3.0 \u00b1 2.3 to 4.8 \u00b1 2.7 min, p = 0.01). Change in PWT for AFO group patients when tested without using the devices was not significantly greater compared to historical controls (+1.4 \u00b1 2.4 vs +0.1 \u00b1 2.6 min, p = 0.16) but it was for COT (+1.8 \u00b1 2.5 vs \u22120.6 \u00b1 2.2 min, p = 0.02). This study found that AFO used during community-based walking improved the primary outcome of PWT in patients with PAD. Further, using AFO delayed claudication onset, indicating patients may be able to increase their walking activity. Large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to further explore the use of AFO for PAD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02280200.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x19831765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T05:13:05Z","timestamp":1553836385000},"page":"324-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Efficacy of ankle-foot orthoses on walking ability in peripheral artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4952-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J","family":"Mays","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Academic Health Center, School of Nursing, Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley A","family":"Mays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Memorial Health Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Robbinsdale, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan L","family":"Mizner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montana, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Missoula, MT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.12.010"},{"key":"bibr2-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2930-6.00017-3"},{"key":"bibr3-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.000502"},{"key":"bibr4-1358863X19831765","first-page":"1312","volume-title":"Braunwald\u2019s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine","author":"Creager MA","year":"2015","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr5-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-013-0347-5"},{"key":"bibr6-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X07084911"},{"key":"bibr7-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037"},{"key":"bibr8-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15572725"},{"key":"bibr9-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.7231"},{"key":"bibr10-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001107"},{"key":"bibr11-1358863X19831765","first-page":"196","volume":"54","author":"Bartelink ML","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"bibr12-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9408-4"},{"key":"bibr13-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.05.004"},{"key":"bibr14-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513486497"},{"key":"bibr15-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199104000-00003"},{"key":"bibr16-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198812200-00005"},{"key":"bibr17-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb03804.x"},{"key":"bibr18-1358863X19831765","first-page":"142","volume":"2","author":"Regensteiner JG","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Vasc Med Biol"},{"key":"bibr19-1358863X19831765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"bibr20-1358863X19831765","unstructured":"ACSM. 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