{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:50:25Z","timestamp":1794243025779,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U54HL120163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U54HL120163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG066010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG066010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201500001I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201500001I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL007224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL007224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL092577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL092577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL125409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL125409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL128240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL128240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL141434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL141434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL144098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL144098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL60040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL60040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R61AT010680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R61AT010680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM089586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM089586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior data suggest associations between hearing loss, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and CV disease. Whether specific hearing loss patterns, including a strial pattern associated with inner ear vascular disease, are associated with systemic endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima\u2013media thickness (IMT) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated participants without prevalent CVD in the Framingham Offspring Study who underwent formal audiogram testing and brachial and carotid artery ultrasounds. Audiograms were categorized as normal or as belonging to one of four abnormal patterns: cochlear-conductive, low-sloping, sensorineural, or strial. Endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDmm and FMD%). Internal and common intima\u2013media thicknesses (icIMT and ccIMT, respectively) were compared between audiogram patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 1672 participants (mean age 59 years, 57.6% women). The prevalence of each hearing pattern was as follows: 43.7% normal; 20.3% cochlear-conductive; 20.3% sensorineural; 7.7% low-sloping; and 8.0% strial. Strial pattern hearing loss was nearly twice as prevalent ( p = 0.001) in those in the highest quartile of ccIMT and nearly 50% higher in those in the highest icIMT quartile ( p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence of the strial pattern comparing the lowest quartiles of FMDmm and FMD% with the upper three quartiles. Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models did not show significant associations between the vascular measures and hearing patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal hearing patterns were not significantly associated with impaired brachial FMD and increased carotid IMT after adjusting for age and sex effects, which may reflect age and sex-related distributional differences based on hearing loss pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x211025087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T06:36:02Z","timestamp":1626849362000},"page":"595-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Abnormal hearing patterns are not associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation and carotid intima\u2013media thickness: The Framingham Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sudhi","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey S","family":"Tarima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emelia J","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University and NHLBI\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramachandran S","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University and NHLBI\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi M","family":"Hamburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E","family":"Widlansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 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