{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:42:59Z","timestamp":1790109779168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006989","name":"Jackson State University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201800013I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800013I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Mississippi State Department of Health","award":["HHSN268201800015I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800015I"]}]},{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","award":["HHSN268201800010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800010I"]}]},{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","award":["HHSN268201800011I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800011I"]}]},{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","award":["HHSN268201800012I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800012I"]}]},{"name":"Tougaloo College","award":["HHSN268201800014I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800014I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and leg symptoms are higher in Black than White adults. We studied the effects of self-reported lower extremity symptoms and ankle\u2013brachial indices (ABI) groups on outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black participants in the Jackson Heart Study with baseline ABI and PAD symptom assessments (exertional leg pain by the San Diego Claudication questionnaire) were included. Abnormal ABI was &lt; 0.90 or &gt; 1.40. Participants were divided into (1) normal ABI, asymptomatic, (2) normal ABI, symptomatic, (3) abnormal ABI, asymptomatic, and (4) abnormal ABI, symptomatic to examine their associations with MACE (stroke, myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease) and all-cause mortality, using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves and stepwise Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for Framingham risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 4586 participants, mean age was 54.6 \u00b1 12.6 years, with 63% women. Compared with participants with normal ABI who were asymptomatic, participants with abnormal ABI and leg symptoms had highest risk of MACE (adjusted HR 2.28; 95% CI 1.62, 3.22) and mortality (aHR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32, 2.56). Participants with abnormal ABI without leg symptoms had higher risk for MACE (aHR 1.49; 95% CI 1.06, 2.11) and mortality (aHR 1.44; 95% CI 1.12, 1.99). Participants with normal ABI and no leg symptoms did not have higher risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among Black adults, the highest risk for adverse outcomes were in symptomatic participants with abnormal ABIs, followed by asymptomatic participants with abnormal ABIs. These findings underscore the need for further studies to screen for PAD and develop preventative approaches in Black adults with asymptomatic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x231151729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:22:36Z","timestamp":1677036156000},"page":"197-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lower extremity symptoms and ankle\u2013brachial index screening as predictors of cardiovascular outcomes in Black adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6104-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim 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