{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:27:39Z","timestamp":1790162859373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial disparities exist in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), with Black individuals having worse PAD-specific outcomes. However, mortality risk in this population has been mixed. As such, we sought to evaluate all-cause mortality by race among individuals with PAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Baseline data were obtained from 1999 to 2004. Patients with PAD were grouped according to self-reported race. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) by race. A separate analysis was performed to study the effect of burden of social determinants of health (SDoH) on all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 647 individuals identified, 130 were Black and 323 were White. Black individuals had more premature PAD (30% vs 20%, p &lt; 0.001) and a higher burden of SDoH compared to White individuals. Crude mortality rates were higher in Black individuals in the 40\u201349-year and 50\u201369-year age groups compared to White individuals (6.7% vs 6.1% and 8.8% vs 7.8%, respectively). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that Black individuals with both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) had a 30% higher hazard of death over 20 years compared to White individuals (HR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0\u20132.1). The cumulative burden of SDoH marginally (10\u201320%) increased the risk of all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a nationally representative sample, Black individuals with PAD and CAD had higher rates of mortality compared to their White counterparts. These findings add further proof to the ongoing racial disparities among Black individuals with PAD and highlight the necessity to identify ways to mitigate these differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x231159947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T07:57:11Z","timestamp":1680508631000},"page":"214-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mortality differences by race over 20 years in individuals with peripheral artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1837-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew B","family":"Dicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Prisma Health, University of South Carolina School of Medicine \u2013 Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lakhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam Y","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Schainfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhisekh","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell D","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hosftra\/Northwell, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ido","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318243"},{"key":"bibr2-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.033"},{"key":"bibr3-1358863X231159947","volume":"62","author":"Abu Dabrh AM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"bibr4-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.10.087"},{"key":"bibr5-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29745"},{"key":"bibr6-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.06.089"},{"key":"bibr7-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314595"},{"key":"bibr8-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574414543276"},{"key":"bibr9-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007425"},{"key":"bibr10-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023396"},{"key":"bibr11-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.692236"},{"key":"bibr12-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.10.090"},{"key":"bibr13-1358863X231159947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.025276"},{"key":"bibr14-1358863X231159947","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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