{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:37:07Z","timestamp":1785173827241,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015507","name":"shandong first medical university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QL023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QL023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vasc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The manifestations of the central lymphatic vessels in primary lower-extremity lymphedema (LEL) remain incompletely understood. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques offer the potential to noninvasively evaluate central lymphatic vessels and their relationship with disease severity. Our objective was to investigate the differences in imaging performance of central lymphatics and inguinal lymph nodes in primary LEL of different clinical stages, and to assess the ability of MRI to grade primary LEL.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients were staged according to the International Society of Lymphology (ISL), with 92 cases in stage I, 134 in stage II, and 53 in stage III. All patients underwent lower-extremity MRI, pelvic MRI, and magnetic resonance thoracic ductography (MRTD). Chi-squared tests and Fisher\u2019s exact tests were used to compare the relationship between the central lymphatic vessels and inguinal lymph nodes with clinical staging. LEL was graded based on MRI images, and a partial correlation coefficient was employed to assess the correlation between MRI grading and clinical staging.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A significant correlation was observed between clinical staging and MRI grading (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.728,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). The incidence of abnormalities in the terminal thoracic duct and the lumbar and iliac lymphatic vessels differed significantly across clinical stages (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2a7d 0.001). Additionally, the frequency of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes on both the affected and the unaffected sides showed statistically significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    MRI grading demonstrates a high correlation with clinical staging. Changes in central lymphatic vessels and inguinal lymph nodes, as identified through MRTD, provide valuable insights for the clinical staging of primary LEL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x251399557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:45:56Z","timestamp":1770957956000},"page":"90-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical value of MRI in central lymphatic vessel evaluation and grading in primary lower-extremity lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mengke","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shandogn Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Affiliated Tai\u2019an Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Tai\u2019an, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longji","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shandogn Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dongping Peoples\u2019 Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shandogn Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5690-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rengui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03605-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"53","author":"Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology","year":"2020","unstructured":"Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology 2020; 53: 3\u201319.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00309-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X231215329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.240201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01689-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2012.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06790-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4948-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Magnetic resonance lymphography demonstrates spontaneous lymphatic disruption and regeneration in obstructive lymphedema","volume":"46","author":"Liu NF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu NF, Yan ZX, Wu XF, Luo Y. Magnetic resonance lymphography demonstrates spontaneous lymphatic disruption and regeneration in obstructive lymphedema. Lymphology 2013; 46: 56\u201363.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4112-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Where do lymph and tissue fluid accumulate in lymphedema of the lower limbs caused by obliteration of lymphatic collectors?","volume":"42","author":"Olszewski WL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olszewski WL, Ambujam PJ, Zaleska M, Cakala M. Where do lymph and tissue fluid accumulate in lymphedema of the lower limbs caused by obliteration of lymphatic collectors? Lymphology 2009; 42: 105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15238"}],"container-title":["Vascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1358863X251399557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1358863X251399557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1358863X251399557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:36:36Z","timestamp":1777692996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1358863X251399557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1358863X251399557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1358863x251399557","relation":{},"ISSN":["1358-863X","1477-0377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1358-863X","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}