{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:47Z","timestamp":1792787747205,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Research Data Centre Network","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0042y9w49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy, University of Lethbridge","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044j76961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Research Knowledge Network","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s5kmw74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent data highlight problematic rates of mental health symptoms (MHS) among adolescents and young adults following the COVID-19 pandemic, with implications for early identification and clinical service provision. This study estimated the prevalence of MHS and its sociodemographic correlates among Canadian youths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 896 iundividuals aged 18\u201324\u00a0years using data from Statistics Canada\u2019s Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health. Symptoms of anxiety, psychological distress, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed using validated self-report instruments. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson\u2019s chi-square tests, two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multivariate linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants\u2019 mean (SD) age was 21.2 (2.0) years; 53% identified as women, and 81% lived in urban areas. Prevalence was highest for psychological distress (57.0%), followed by depression (31.6%), anxiety (23.7%), and PTSD symptoms (12.6%). Women reported higher anxiety and distress than men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In multivariable analyses, female gender, non-essential worker status, poorer self-rated mental health, weaker community belonging, lower household income, lower life satisfaction, and pre-existing mental health disorder were associated with greater symptom severity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rising prevalence of mental health symptoms reflects gendered, socioeconomic, and psychosocial vulnerabilities, requiring trauma-informed clinical screening and equity-focused public health interventions for Canadian youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045261446034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T08:56:02Z","timestamp":1776848162000},"page":"1727-1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Mental Health Symptoms Among Canadian Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8821-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ogochukwu Kelechi","family":"Onyeso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lethbridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1899-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adebiyi G.","family":"Boco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lethbridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Kamrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1001-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars K.","family":"Hallstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lethbridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743721994408"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.42.5.05","article-title":"Self-rated mental health, community belonging, life satisfaction and perceived change in mental health among adults during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada","volume":"42","author":"Capaldi C. A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Capaldi C. A., Liu L., Ooi L. L., Roberts K. C. (2022). Self-rated mental health, community belonging, life satisfaction and perceived change in mental health among adults during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice, 42(5), 218\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24095\/hpcdp.42.5.05","journal-title":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: Comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations","volume":"30","author":"Caron J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caron J., Liu A. (2010). A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: Comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 30(3), 84\u201394.","journal-title":"Chronic Diseases in Canada"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-022-00398-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-128"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Canadian adolescents\u2019 mental health and substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with COVID-19 stressors","volume":"55","author":"Craig S. G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Craig S. G., Ames M. E., Bondi B. C., Pepler D. J. (2022). Canadian adolescents\u2019 mental health and substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with COVID-19 stressors. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 55(1), 46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cbs0000305","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Understanding the perceived mental health of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Findlay L. C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Findlay L. C., Arim R., Kohen D. (2020). Understanding the perceived mental health of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Reports, 31(4), 22\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25318\/82-003-x202000400003-eng","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","article-title":"Community and well-being: Exploring sense of belonging among youth.","author":"Foran H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Foran H. (2025). Community and well-being: Exploring sense of belonging among youth. Statistics Canada. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/75-006-x\/2025003\/article\/00001-eng.htm.","journal-title":"Statistics Canada"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020988878"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Profiles of mental health and their association with negative impacts and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Canadian perspective","volume":"33","author":"Guerrero M. D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guerrero M. D., Barnes J. D. (2022). Profiles of mental health and their association with negative impacts and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Canadian perspective. Health Reports, 33(8), 19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25318\/82-003-x202200800002-eng","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720940562"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221094549"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00629-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00612-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","first-page":"E191","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)","volume":"184","author":"Manea L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manea L., Gilbody S., McMillan D. (2012). Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). A Meta-Analysis, 184(3), E191\u2013E196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.110829","journal-title":"A Meta-Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1517533"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","volume-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on rural and remote mental health and substance use","author":"Mental Health Commission of Canada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on rural and remote mental health and substance use. Retrieved from. https:\/\/file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/User\/Dropbox\/PC\/Downloads\/The-Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Rural-and-Remote-Mental-Health-and-Substance-Use.pdf.pdf.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","volume-title":"Mental health and well-being ecological model","author":"Michaels C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michaels C., Blake L., Lynn A., Greylord T., Benning S. (2022). Mental health and well-being ecological model. Center for Leadership Education in Maternal & Child Public Health University of Minnesota\u2013Twin Cities. https:\/\/mch.umn.edu\/resources\/mhecomodel"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-020-00212-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13716"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2025.2451674"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5609"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120162"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1863578"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114495"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01166-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2801"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2021a). Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health September to December 2020. Statistics Canada. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/210318\/dq210318a-eng.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2021b). Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health February to May 2021. Statistics Canada. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/210927\/dq210927a-eng.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","volume-title":"Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH)","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2023). Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH). Statistics Canada. https:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5330."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","volume-title":"Inequalities in mental health, well-being and wellness in Canada","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2024a). Inequalities in mental health, well-being and wellness in Canada. Statistics Canada. https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/mental-health\/inequalities\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","volume-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among adults in Canada","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2024b). Posttraumatic stress disorder among adults in Canada. Statistics Canada. https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/ptsd-survey\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SJI-180478"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Combining cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey","volume":"20","author":"Thomas S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomas S., Wannell B. (2009). Combining cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. Health Reports, 20(1), 53\u201358.","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2021-0078"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00770-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2021.100005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_1","volume-title":"Health equity: Social determinant of health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). Health equity: Social determinant of health. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/health_equity\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010171"}],"container-title":["Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591045261446034","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13591045261446034","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591045261446034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:47:29Z","timestamp":1790761649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13591045261446034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13591045261446034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13591045261446034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-1045","1461-7021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-1045","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]}}}