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This study investigated associations between mother\u2013child emotional availability (EA) and conduct problem severity in a clinic-referred sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 92 mother\u2013child dyads with children aged 3 to 9 years diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder. Mothers completed standardised questionnaires and a diagnostic interview. Dyads participated in a 30-min semi-structured interaction coded with the EA Scales (4th edition), from which maternal and child EA composite scores and EA Zone classifications were derived.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower maternal EA was associated with higher clinician-rated ODD severity, although effects were modest. Child EA demonstrated only a marginal association with ODD severity, and neither maternal nor child EA predicted mother-reported conduct problems. Most dyads were classified within the \u201ccomplicated\u201d EA Zone, reflecting insecure-ambivalent relational patterns characterised by inconsistent emotional responsiveness and engagement. This finding is notable as conduct problems are more commonly linked with insecure-avoidant or disorganised attachment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight the clinical relevance of maternal emotional availability and suggest that inconsistent emotional responsiveness may be an important intervention target for children with conduct problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045261471661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T03:54:05Z","timestamp":1785124445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mother\u2013Child Emotional Availability and Conduct Problems in Clinic-Referred Children Across Early and Middle Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam David","family":"Johns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University"},{"name":"Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Kohlhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03086"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation","author":"Ainsworth M. 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