{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T16:44:01Z","timestamp":1786207441623,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Project of National Nature Science Foundation","award":["32371115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371115"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["JWZQ20240201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JWZQ20240201003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1233200016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1233200016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) has substantial comorbidity with depression. However, their comorbidity at the symptom level, including potential gender differences, is currently underspecified. This study aimed to explore the comorbidity network of ODD and depression in a longitudinal sample, as well as the gender differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included Chinese children aged 7 to 12 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 418,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      = 9.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.44, 59.6% boys). Children and their parents completed questionnaires about ODD (parent-reported) and depression (child-reported) symptoms in two surveys conducted 6 months apart. The cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel networks of ODD and depression symptoms were estimated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) In the cross-sectional network, ODD and depression were linked via associations between interpersonal symptoms of depression and behavioral or emotional symptoms of ODD; (2) In the cross-sectional network, behavioral symptoms of ODD connecting ODD and depression symptoms differed by gender, with \u201cannoy\u201d and \u201cdefy\u201d specific to boys and \u201cargue\u201d to girls; (3) In the longitudinal network, behavioral symptoms of ODD played important roles in predicting depression symptoms at the later timepoint; (4) There were positive paths from depression to ODD symptoms in the boys\u2019 longitudinal network while there were negative paths from ODD to depression symptoms in the girls\u2019 longitudinal network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings identify symptom connections between ODD and depression and associated gender differences, providing new insights into screening and intervention for the co-occurrence of ODD and depression which are informed by symptom prominence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045261474078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:43:48Z","timestamp":1785930228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental Relations Between Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Depression in Childhood: A Symptom Level 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