{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:49:03Z","timestamp":1791557343766,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit emotional dysregulation and family dysfunction, especially when comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS). This study aims to compare emotional and familial functioning across ADHD, ADHD + ODD, ADHD + CDS, and control groups to guide prognosis and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved 155 children aged 7\u201312, categorized into ADHD (n = 40), ADHD + ODD (n = 40), ADHD + CDS (n = 40), and control (n = 35) groups. Diagnoses were based on DSM-5 criteria and structured interviews. Data were collected using parent- and child-report measures, including the CBCL, Barkley Scale, DBDRS, PARQ, FAD, Emotion Regulation Checklist, CDI, and DERS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ADHD + ODD group consistently showed the highest impairments across all domains. They had the highest total scores on the Family Assessment Device (2.16), Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (88.08), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (96.68), Emotion Regulation Scale (55.90), and Children\u2019s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (54.35), significantly exceeding scores of the ADHD, ADHD + CDS, and control groups (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emotion regulation difficulties in ADHD vary by comorbidity, with ADHD + ODD linked to greater impairments across emotional, family, and sleep domains, and ADHD + CDS showing internalized challenges and delays. Results support emotion dysregulation as a core ADHD feature and highlight the need for tailored, family-focused interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045261490280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:06:10Z","timestamp":1790885170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement on Emotional Instability and Family Functioning in ADHD Cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0934-0860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011f\u00e7em","family":"\u015ear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Izmir City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Sibel","family":"Durak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Izmir Dr. Izmir Beh\u00e7et Uz Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ey\u00fcp Sabri","family":"Ercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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