{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:01:29Z","timestamp":1777680089527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hirsutism, i.e. \u2018excess\u2019 body hair in the \u2018male\u2019 distribution, is a medical term applied only to women. Although associated with social and psychological difficulties including anxiety, social avoidance and a confusion of gender identity and although it raises important gender issues, there has been little systematic study. No prior research has focussed on the relationship between women\u2019s perceived degree of hirsutism and psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A survey of 53 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which often produces \u2018excess\u2019 hair growth, was carried out to assess any psychological consequences of perceived hirsutism. Results indicated raised levels of psychological distress overall, but no significant relationships between perceived hirsutism and distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Four semi-structured interviews were then conducted to facilitate more in-depth exploration of hirsute women\u2019s experience. Analysis suggested idealized cultural norms for hair growth prevail and excess hair growth contributes to gender inconsistencies and feelings of deviance and stigma. Effective concealment of hair growth and \u2018passing\u2019 for normal appear to facilitate relatively high levels of functioning and allows idealized cultural norms to be maintained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053030083004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,8]],"date-time":"2003-11-08T00:11:18Z","timestamp":1068250278000},"page":"327-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["&amp;lsquo;Hirsutism&amp;rsquo;: A Psychological Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Keegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambrose King Centre, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lih-Mei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of East London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.355"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90056-L"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baum, H. C. (1912). The etiology and treatment of superfluous hair . Journal of the American Medical Association, 54, 104\u2013106 .","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1912.04270070105008"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000257143"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, western culture and the body. London: University of California Press ."},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Burman, E. & Parker, I. (1994). Introduction discourse analysis\u2014the turn to the text. In E.Burman & I. Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action (pp. 1\u201316). London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1360339"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32132-0"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Douglas, M. (1970). Natural symbols. London: Tavistock ."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Featherstone, M. (1982). The body in consumer culture. In The body: Social process and cultural theory(pp. 170\u2013196). London: Sage .","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446280546.n6"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116859"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Firth, R. (1973). Hair as a public symbol. In Symbols, public and private(pp. 262\u2013298). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press ."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (1979). The history of sexuality vol. 1: An introduction. London: Allen Lane ."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (1986). The history of sexuality vol. 3: The care of the self. New York: Pantheon ."},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Gara, G. (1936). Hypertrichosis: The problem and how to handle it as it appears in everyday practice . Urologic and Cutaneous Review, 8, 771\u2013774 ."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of a spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall ."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Goldberg, D. (1978). The General Health Questionnaire\u2014GHQ 60. Windsor: NFER\u2013NELSON ."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02426.x"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Hollway, W. (1989). Subjectivity and method in psychology: Gender, meaning and science. London: Sage ."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingham, J. G., Kreitman, N. B., Miller, P., Sashidharan, S. P. & Surtees, P. G. (1986). Self-esteem, vulnerability and psychiatric disorder in the community . British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 373\u2013385 .","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.4.375"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513598709082702"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Jeffreys, S. (1985). The spinster and her enemies: Feminism and sexuality 1880\u20131930. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul ."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Johnson, M. (1995). Using the portfolio. In M.Johnson, S. Wright, & J. Weinman (Eds.), Practical measures in health psychology: A users portfolio. Windsor: NFER\u2013NELSON ."},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Kessler, S. J. (1998). Lessons from the intersexed. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press ."},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Keye, W. (1982). Evaluation and management of hirsutism . Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 16, 190\u2013194 ."},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820009075624"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330640211"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330640313"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Lux, V. E. (1982). Die personlichkeitsund sozialbedeutung des hirsutism . Panminerva Medica, 23, 69\u201374 ."},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"McCafferty, L. (1923). Hypertrichosis and its treatment . New York Medical Journal and Medical Record, 5 December, 685\u2013687 ."},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Milne, P. (1992). Assessment: A mental health portfolio. Windsor: NFER\u2013NELSON ."},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.2.255"},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"Parker, I. (1989). The crisis in modern social psychology, and how to end it. London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb36","unstructured":"Pedersen, J. (1942). Hypertrichosis in women . Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockholm), 23, 1\u201313 ."},{"key":"atypb37","unstructured":"Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology. London: Sage ."},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1983.53.3.827"},{"key":"atypb39","unstructured":"Robson, R. (1993). Real world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner researchers. Oxford: Basil Blackwell ."},{"key":"atypb40","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self image, reprint edn. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press ."},{"key":"atypb41","unstructured":"Ross, J. R., Richard, A., Mastrodonato, N., Cassall, W. A., Moses, A. A., Fischer, S., Steckler, P. P., Radin, S. S., Kaplan, E. A. & Dubey, J. (1965). Psychological problems associated with hirsutism . International Psychiatry Clinics, 2, 625\u2013640 ."},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silber, E. & Tippett, J. (1965). Self-esteem: Clinical assessment and measurement validation . Psychological Reports, 16, 1071\u20131081 .","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1965.16.3c.1017"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449008400391"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.809.186"},{"key":"atypb45","unstructured":"Stenner, P. (1994). Discoursing jealousy. In E. Burman & I. Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action(pp.114\u2013134). London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079789"},{"key":"atypb47","unstructured":"Stratz, C. H. (1901). Die schoenheit des weiblichen korpers. Stuttgart: Ferdian Enke ."},{"key":"atypb48","unstructured":"Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ."},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0056264"},{"key":"atypb50","unstructured":"Turner, B. S. (1992). Regulating bodies: Essays in medical sociology. London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027806"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(60)90012-X"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591053030083004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591053030083004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:34:27Z","timestamp":1777451667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13591053030083004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13591053030083004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13591053030083004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-1053","1461-7277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-1053","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}