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Using retrospective data from Veterans Health Administration\u2019s electronic medical record system, a total of 3320 Vietnam-era surgery patients with preoperative posttraumatic stress disorder were identified and matched 1:4 with non-surgical patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. The receipt of surgery was associated with a decline in overall mental health treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder\u2013specific treatment 1\u2009month following surgery but not during any subsequent month thereafter. 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