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Migraine is associated with anxiety, depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders. Women who experience migraine are also more likely to report a history of discriminatory experiences. This study investigated migraine characteristics, mental health outcomes and gender-based discrimination among women using a case-control study with a migraine and non-migraine sample. Two hundred ninety-two women completed an online survey with measures of migraine characteristics (as applicable), mental health symptoms, and gender-based discrimination. Women living with migraine experienced worse mental health symptoms and more gender-based discrimination than the non-migraine group. Migraine frequency and lifetime day-to-day discrimination significantly predicted anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms, while anticipated discrimination significantly predicted trauma symptoms; lifetime day-to-day discrimination significantly predicted migraine-related reduction in productivity; and gender-based discrimination significantly predicted migraine-related social absences. These findings may be used to improve management of migraine among women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053251317069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:26:49Z","timestamp":1740011209000},"page":"3475-3488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gender-based discrimination and its influence on mental health symptoms among people living with and without migraine: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Venezya H","family":"Thorsteinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regina, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey M","family":"Haczkewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regina, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1915-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha L","family":"Gallant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regina, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2020) What is depression. 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