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It analyzes how vulnerability influenced behavior using microdata from 26 countries, targeting respondents over 50 from the eighth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), interrupted in March 2020, and the SHARE Corona Survey conducted via telephone in June\u2013July 2020 and a year later. SHARE data integrates with macro-data to incorporate country-level indicators alongside individual characteristics. Findings reveal that vulnerability significantly affected precautionary behaviors. Older respondents were more likely to adopt protective measures, adjusting for demographic factors. Employment status also influenced behaviors, with employed individuals showing increased vigilance. Vaccination reduced the tendency for high precautionary behavior. Moreover, health vulnerability heightened the likelihood of precautionary measures. These insights highlight the interplay between individual and contextual factors in shaping pandemic-related behaviors, emphasizing vulnerability and demographic variables\u2019 roles in precautionary actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053251380028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1761198743000},"page":"2835-2856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of vulnerability and changes in precautionary behavior of individuals in ageing societies during the years of Covid-19 pandemic in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Chouzouris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Piraeus, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Platon","family":"Tinios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Piraeus, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.35.3.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-021-00645-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2024.2413011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.571179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","volume-title":"Measuring COVID-19 Restrictions in Italy During the Second wave","author":"Conteduca FP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conteduca FP (2021) Measuring COVID-19 Restrictions in Italy During the Second wave. 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