{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:35:54Z","timestamp":1793392554336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"\n The lack of data on recent youth tobacco use in Turkey underscores the need for additional surveillance tools. This study investigated the potential of Google Trends data to monitor tobacco-related behaviors among Turkish youth. This study analyzed gender-specific 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey Turkey results and Google Trends relative search volumes (RSV) data for selected keywords across 81 provinces using an ecological design. Positive correlations were observed between prevalences of current cigarette smoking, ever cigarette smoking, and susceptibility to smoking among girls with RSVs for \u201ccigarette\u201d term (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.602,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.426,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.309,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005) and topic (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.511,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.390,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.325,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003). For both genders, positive correlations were observed in the prevalence of current waterpipe smoking with \u201cwaterpipe\u201d term (boys:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.412,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; girls:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.432,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and topic (boys:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.408,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; girls:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.517,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090001) RSVs. Google Trends could hold potential as a complementary, low-cost tool for monitoring tobacco-related youth behaviors in Turkey.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053251381465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T08:08:17Z","timestamp":1760515697000},"page":"1871-1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Could Google Trends be a tool for monitoring teens\u2019 tobacco-related behavior? An ecological study based on national data in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7896-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atalay","family":"Aktuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7180-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hur","family":"Hassoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorkem","family":"Yararbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Bilir N Ozcebe H Erguder T et al. (2012). Tobacco Cntrol in Turkey: Story of Commitment and Leadership. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/375360 (accessed 3 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.7.813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.2.214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/630200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1991.tb05997.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"Statistics Without Maths for Psychology","author":"Dancey CP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dancey CP (2007) Statistics Without Maths for Psychology. Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) (2024) Participating countries. Available at: http:\/\/espad.org\/databases\/participating-countries (accessed 6 October 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) (2017) Turkey \u2013 National. Available at: https:\/\/www.gtssacademy.org\/explore\/country\/Turkey\/Turkey+-+National\/survey-data\/ (accessed 6 October 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","unstructured":"Google (2025) Google: FAQ about Google Trends data. Available at: https:\/\/support.google.com\/trends\/answer\/4365533 (accessed 1 October 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7700-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) (2024) Countries Turkey. Available at: https:\/\/hbsc.org\/network\/countries\/turkiye\/ (accessed 6 October 2024)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of hookah smoking among the youth: A scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Jehi T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jehi T, Serban P, Joshi A, et al. (2025) Prevalence and determinants of hookah smoking among the youth: A scoping review. Cureus 17(3): e79952.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790903233408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2019.1693985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.3.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1521429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"Republic of T\u00fcrkiye Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health (2017) Global Youth Tobacco Survey Turkey. Available at: https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/birimler\/tutun-ve-madde-bagimliligi-ile-mucadele-db\/dokumanlar\/KGTA-2017_pdf.pdf (accessed 17 January 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"StatCounter (2017) Search engine market share Turkey. Available at: https:\/\/gs.statcounter.com\/search-engine-market-share\/all\/turkey\/2017 (accessed 11 May 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13599-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42619"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","article-title":"Secret shisha: A qualitative study of waterpipe tobacco smoking among Emirati college women","volume":"5","author":"Thomas J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas J, Jeffers A, Scott L, et al. (2019) Secret shisha: A qualitative study of waterpipe tobacco smoking among Emirati college women. 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