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Using a web-based study of 372 adults diagnosed with CMI, we examined pain catastrophizing along with self-reported pain, head and neck disability, loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress. Our primary analytic method was statistical mediation. Pain catastrophizing was positively correlated with self-reported pain, depression, anxiety, and disability. Finally, pain catastrophizing (rumination and helplessness subscales) mediated the relationship between Pain scores and Disability scores in this sample of CMI patients. Our findings are that pain catastrophizing mediates the effect of pain on disability\u2014but depression does not. The importance of pain catastrophizing in explaining the relationship between pain and disability may provide new insight into more effect treatments for chronic pain and disability in CMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053261436232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:14:37Z","timestamp":1777018477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of pain catastrophizing and trauma on pain and disability in Chiari malformation type I"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline K.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolina","family":"Kravljaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Loth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily P.","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Labuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conquer Chiari, Wexford, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Delahanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Loth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra M.","family":"Klinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip A.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen PA Delahanty D Kaut KP et al. 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