{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:05:26Z","timestamp":1779527126783,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Health Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strong social support is a protective factor in diabetes and mental health management. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the type of support on perceived mental health status among people with diabetes. We used data from the 2021 Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Survey (MEPS). Regression models assessed the association between mental well-being (outcome) and expected help from family, friends, and the community (exposure). Support from both friends and family were significantly associated with better mental well-being, adjusting for covariates. Secondary analyses showed that those who reported greater anticipated support from family were more likely to report infrequent feelings of lethargy. Sensitivity analyses revealed that when disaggregating sources of support and adjusting for covariates, only family support remained significant. Thus, family and friend support is important for mental health in diabetes care. Continued research on support type will help patients effectively self-manage diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053261446586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:09:20Z","timestamp":1779340160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The influence of support from family, friends, and community on perceived mental health status in diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney L.","family":"Ortz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith S.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatosin","family":"Leshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0627-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suraksha","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3727-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Smalls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almubaid Z Alhaj Z Almosa O et al. (2024) The impact of social support on health outcomes of diabetic patients: A systematic review. Cureus 16(8): e67842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.678422024.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026) 1. Improving care and promoting health in populations: Standards of care in diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care 49(Supplement_1): S13\u2013S26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc26-S001","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae JH Park EH Lee HK et al. (2024) Enhancing diabetes care through a mobile application: A randomized clinical trial on integrating physical and mental health among disadvantaged individuals. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 48(4): 790\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/dmj.2023.0298","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baek RN Tanenbaum ML Gonzalez JS (2014) Diabetes burden and diabetes distress: The buffering effect of social support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 48(2): 145\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-013-9585-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9585-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao H (2021) Relationship among family support mental resilience and diabetic distress in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus during COVID-19. Iranian Journal of Public Health 50(8): 1648\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijph.v50i8.6811","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v50i8.6811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beverly EA Ritholz MD Dhanyamraju K (2021) The buffering effect of social support on diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 38: e14472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14472","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell JA Egede LE (2020) Individual- community- and health system-level barriers to optimal type 2 diabetes care for inner-city African Americans: An integrative review and model development. Diabetes Educator 46(1): 11\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721719889338","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721719889338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024) Diabetes: Community-based organizations. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/php\/cbo-guidance\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2026) Diabetes basics: Diabetes by the numbers. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/about\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denche-Zamorano A Pis\u00e0-Canyelles J Barrios-Fernandez S et al. (2023) Is psychological distress associated with self-perceived health perceived social support and physical activity level in Spanish adults with diabetes? Journal of Personalized Medicine 13: 739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13050739","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Working Group Robinson DJ Hanson K Rabi D et al. (2023) Diabetes and Mental Health. Canadian Journal of Diabetes 47(4): 308\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2023.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2023.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drageset J (2021) Social support. In: Haugan G Eriksson M (eds) Health Promotion in Health Care \u2013 Vital Theories and Research. Springer Chapter 11. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK585650\/doi:10.1007\/978-3-030-63135-2_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63135-2_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esteban Y Pe\u00f1a MM Hernandez Barrera V Fern\u00e1ndez Cordero X et al. (2010) Self-perception of health status mental health and quality of life among adults with diabetes residing in a metropolitan area. Diabetes & Metabolism 36(4): 305\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallant MP (2003) The influence of social support on chronic illness self-management: A review and directions for research. Health Education & Behavior 30(2): 170\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198102251030","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198102251030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan Y Tian F Fan X et al. (2024) A study of the relationship between social support depression alexithymia and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A structural equation modeling approach. Frontiers in Endocrinology 15: 1390564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1390564","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1390564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ulloa AC Miranda-Gil V D\u00edaz-Pineda M et al. (2024) Comparison of metabolic lifestyle and mental health parameters in people with diabetes and relatives with and without family support. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 17: 239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S445890","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S445890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinze JE Kruger DJ Reischl TM et al. (2015) Relationships among disease social support and perceived health: A lifespan approach. American Journal of Community Psychology 56(3\u20134): 268\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10464-015-9758-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-015-9758-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson PJ O\u2019Brien M Orionzi D et al. (2019) Pilot of community-based diabetes self-management support for patients at an urban primary care clinic. Diabetes Spectrum 32(2): 157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ds18-0040","DOI":"10.2337\/ds18-0040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin C Zhu X Wang X et al. (2025) The impact of perceived social support on chronic disease self-management among older inpatients in China: The chain-mediating roles of psychological resilience and health empowerment. BMC Geriatrics 25(1): 284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05902-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05902-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayberry LS Osborn CY (2014) Family involvement is helpful and harmful to patients\u2019 self-care and glycemic control. Patient Education and Counseling 97(3): 418\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2014.09.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulsamy P Ashraf R Alshahrani SH et al. (2021) Social support self-care behaviour and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Healthcare 9(11): 1607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9111607","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezaei M Valiee S Tahan M et al. (2019) Barriers of medication adherence in patients with type-2 diabetes: A pilot qualitative study. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 12: 589\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S197159","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S197159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f8nne ST Zabell V Joensen LE et al. (2020) Perceptions and experiences of living with coexisting type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness: A scoping review. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association 37(10): 1627\u20131639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14322","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song Y Zhu C Shi B et al. (2023) Social isolation loneliness and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from two large prospective cohorts in Europe and East Asia and Mendelian randomization. eClinicalMedicine 64: 102236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenberg J Hjelm K (2024) Social support as perceived provided and needed by family-members of migrants with type 2 diabetes - a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 24: 1612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19101-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19101-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang TS Brown MB Funnell MM et al. (2008) Social support quality of life and self-care behaviors among African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educator 34(2): 266\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721708315680","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708315680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thangiah G Johar H Ismail R et al. (2022) Diabetes treatment and mental illness: A call for an integrated health care system in underserved semi-rural Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19: 10015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610015","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tung EL Peek ME (2015) Linking community resources in diabetes care: A role for technology? Current Diabetes Reports 15(7): 45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0614-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0614-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twig G Gerstein HC Fruchter E et al. (2016) Self-perceived emotional distress and diabetes risk among young men. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50(6): 737\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodward A Walters K Davies N et al. (2024) Barriers and facilitators of self-management of diabetes amongst people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Health Expectations 27(3): e14070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.14070","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.14070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woon LS Sidi HB Ravindran A et al. (2020) Depression anxiety and associated factors in patients with diabetes: Evidence from the anxiety depression and personality traits in diabetes mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study. BMC Psychiatry 20(1): 227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02615-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02615-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao J Wang H Yin J et al. (2020) Factors associated with the utilization of community-based diabetes management care: A cross-sectional study in Shandong P\u2009rovince China. BMC Health Services Research 20: 407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-020-05292-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05292-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591053261446586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13591053261446586","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13591053261446586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1779524249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13591053261446586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13591053261446586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13591053261446586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-1053","1461-7277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-1053","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"article-number":"13591053261446586"}}