{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:07:28Z","timestamp":1777453648271,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationships between neurometabolites and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated in HIV patients before and after antiretroviral treatment. Design: Prior studies found higher CSF MCP-1 levels in patients with HIV-associated dementia compared to those in neuroasymptomatic. We hypothesized that CSF MCP-1 levels would correlate inversely to neuronal metabolites [including N-acetyl compounds, gluta-mate+glutamine, as assessed by principal component analyses (PCA)] and positively to glial metabolites (including myo-inositol and choline compounds).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-nine antiretroviral-naive HIV patients were evaluated prospectively with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H MRS), and serum and CSF MCP-1 measurements prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); 31 of these patients completed follow-up studies after 3 months of HAART but only 24 had follow-up CSF studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After HAART, brain metabolites and clinical signs showed no change despite improvements in systemic (CD4 counts, plasma viral load, MCP-1) and CSF (viral load and MCP-1) variables. CSF, but not serum, MCP-1 levels correlated inversely with the neuronal component (from PCA) prior to treatment ( r=-0.59, P=0.0008). Conversely, after 3 months of HAART, the glial component (from PCA) correlated positively with CSF MCP-1 levels ( r=0.70, P=0.0002; ANCOVA interaction for treatment status, P=0.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that higher CSF MCP-1 levels are associated with neuronal dysfunction in untreated patients. After 3 months of HAART, the decreased systemic factors (viral burden, systemically derived MCP-1) no longer associate with neuronal dysfunction, but subjects with the strongest glial response in the brain continue to produce the highest levels of MCP-1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350400900302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T12:31:55Z","timestamp":1649939515000},"page":"431-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Antiretroviral Treatment Alters Relationship between Mcp-1 and Neurometabolites in HIV Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. 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Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coryse St","family":"Hillaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Conant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-135965350400900302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1629540"},{"key":"bibr2-135965350400900302","first-page":"1471","volume":"32","author":"Masdeu J.C.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear 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Astroglia and glutamate in physiology and pathology: aspects on glutamate transport, glutamate-induced cell swelling and gap-junction communication.\n                      Neurochemistry International\n                      2000; 37: 317\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(00)00033-4"},{"key":"bibr49-135965350400900302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.13.8405808"},{"key":"bibr50-135965350400900302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.836"},{"key":"bibr51-135965350400900302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.2.204"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/135965350400900302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/135965350400900302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:54:24Z","timestamp":1777380864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/135965350400900302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/135965350400900302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/135965350400900302","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}