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Globally, an estimated 9-19 million individuals are anti-HDV positive. To ensure early detetion, current guidelines recommend screening all HBsAg-positive individuals or, at a minimum, those with defined risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This expert consensus paper updates the current landscape of HDV management. Recommendations were derived from a structured expert panel discussion, incorporating recent evidence and clinical guideline developments, with a focus on screening, diagnosis, and antiviral therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The panel emphasized the importance of systematic HDV screening in HBsAg-positive individuals. Therapeutic strategies aim at sustained HDV-RNA suppression and, ideally, HBV surface antigens (HBsAg) loss. Bulevirtide was recommended as a long-term monotherapy. Pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN\u03b1), if used, should be limited to 48\u00a0weeks and tailored based on viral response and tolerability. Combination therapy with bulevirtide and PEG-IFN\u03b1 may be considered in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This consensus provides updated recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of HDV infection, highlighting the role of bulevirtide and individualized therapeutic approaches. As the treatment landscape continues to evolve, combination regimens and novel agents currently under investigation may offer additional options in the near future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13596535251349380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1759205096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Best practices for screening, testing, diagnosing, and treating patients with hepatitis D (delta) virus based on global expert review and recent guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Zoulim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Universit\u00e9 Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Lyon Hepatology Institute, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6306-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Gish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira M.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Kushner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Lampertico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"CRC \u201cA. 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