{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:38:42Z","timestamp":1777451922772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article examines the existence, description, perception, treatment, and outcome of symptoms consistent with autistic disorder in nineteenth-century London, England, based on case histories from the notes of Dr William Howship Dickinson at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. Three cases meeting the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder are described in detail. Other cases in which autistic traits are described are briefly summarized. The article explores the environment of contemporary medical practice, beliefs about childhood brain disorders, and social practice regarding children with brain disorders, and the impact of these factors on assessment and treatment. It correlates Dickinson\u2019s observations with current research on autism, providing information about children with autism before the condition was formally named in 1943.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361304040635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,27]],"date-time":"2004-05-27T09:25:01Z","timestamp":1085649901000},"page":"7-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Autistic Disorder in Nineteenth-century London"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mitzi","family":"Waltz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sunderland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Shattock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sunderland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV). 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London: Royal College of Physicians ."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199206000-00004"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"SHATTOCK, P., WHITELEY, P. & TODD, L. (2001) \u2018 Is There an Increasing Incidence of Autism? Evidence and Possible Explanations \u2019, in Proceedings of the Durham Autism Conference, pp. 1\u201315 . Sunderland: Autism Research Unit and Autism North Ltd."},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"WING, J. K. (1976) \u2018Kanner\u2019s Syndrome: A Historical Introduction\u2019, in L. WING (ed.) Early Childhood Autism, 2nd edn, pp. 4\u20136. Oxford: Pergamon ."},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"WING, L. (1996) The Autistic Spectrum: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. London: Constable ."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision. 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