{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:12:52Z","timestamp":1784304772930,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Southern California Clinical Translational Science Institute","award":["NIH\/NCRR\/NCATS # TL1TR000132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NCRR\/NCATS # TL1TR000132"]}]},{"name":"Society for the Study of Occupation: USA Student Research Grant"},{"name":"University of Southern California Diploma in Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are a number of recent US news media reports of children and youth with autism becoming lost, injured, or even dying while taking public school transportation, yet research on this problem is scarce. This ethnographic study examines the experiences of 14 parents whose children with autism take public school transportation in Los Angeles County. We present two case studies of children with autism being \u201clost\u201d while in transit from school to home on the bus to (1) describe how the situation was experienced, responded to, and managed by the parents; (2) consider three interrelated themes that emerged from interviews with 14 parents, related to children\u2019s safety, independence, and participation, across multiple contexts and analytic levels; and (3) discuss the findings in relation to US news media reports of incidents involving children with autism on school buses to identify specific weaknesses in school transportation infrastructure, particularly in the context of privatization, that create conditions in which children with autism can \u201cfall through the cracks\u201d in potentially life-threatening ways. We argue that there is a critical need to address transportation accessibility for individuals on the autism spectrum to ensure their safety and support their independence and community participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316680182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T01:08:43Z","timestamp":1487812123000},"page":"401-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Understanding parents\u2019 concerns about their children with autism taking public school transportation in Los Angeles County"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Amber M","family":"Angell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, USA"},{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1362361316680182","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (2012) Study finds nearly half of children with autism wander off. Available at: https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en-us\/about-the-aap\/aap-press-room\/pages\/Study-Finds-Nearly-Half-of-Children-with-Autism-Wander-Off.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR:+No+local+token (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr2-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0762"},{"key":"bibr4-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Angell AM (2016) Understanding bilingual Latino parents\u2019 experiences of their children\u2019s autism services in Los Angeles: A critical ethnography (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern California."},{"key":"bibr5-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.07.020"},{"key":"bibr6-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449216666062"},{"key":"bibr7-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative approaches","author":"Bernard HR","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr8-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313517367"},{"key":"bibr9-1362361316680182","unstructured":"California Department of Education (1980) California Education Code Section 300.323(c), Title 34, Sections 56340\u201356347. Available at: http:\/\/www.leginfo.ca.gov\/cgi-bin\/displaycode?section=edc&group=56001-57000&file=56340-56347 (accessed 20 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr10-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) ICD-9-CM Coordination and Maintenance Committee meeting summary. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/icd\/2011march_summary_-ha.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr11-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Chang H, Avila W (2015) Special needs student found dead on school bus may have been waiting for instructions: family. NBC Los Angeles, 14th September. Available at: http:\/\/www.nbclosangeles.com\/news\/local\/Special-Needs-Student-Found-Dead-on-School-Bus-May-Have-Been-Waiting-for-Instructions-Family-327248701.html (accessed 7 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr12-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Dudley C, Emery H, Nicholas D (2012) Mind the gap: the missing discussion around transportation for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Available at: http:\/\/www.theabilityhub.org\/sites\/default\/files\/MindtheGapCombined.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr13-1362361316680182","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Handbook of Ethnography","author":"Emerson RM","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr14-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226206868.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr15-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2015.07.019"},{"key":"bibr16-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00053-7"},{"key":"bibr17-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11038120410020575"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr18-1362361316680182","first-page":"54","volume":"29","author":"Falkmer T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traffic Medicine"},{"key":"bibr19-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Feeley C, Deka D, Lubin A, et al. (2015) Detour to the right place: a study with recommendations for addressing the transportation needs and barriers of adults on the autism spectrum in New Jersey. Available at: http:\/\/cait.rutgers.edu\/system\/files\/u18\/y_Technical_Report_singlepage_for_web_102215.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr20-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S1057-6290(2011)0000013006"},{"key":"bibr21-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-015-9443-x"},{"key":"bibr22-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/etho.12073"},{"key":"bibr23-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3822971"},{"key":"bibr24-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology","author":"Geertz C","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr25-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/etho.12002"},{"key":"bibr26-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1229"},{"key":"bibr27-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.12.008"},{"key":"bibr28-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/biosoc.2014.20"},{"key":"bibr29-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199283262.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr30-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Haughney C (2011) Children with autism, connecting via transit. The New York Times, 13th August. Available at: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/08\/14\/nyregion\/children-with-autism-connecting-via-bus-and-train.html?_r=0 (accessed 19 Sept 2016)."},{"key":"bibr31-1362361316680182","volume-title":"On Ethnography: Approaches to Language and Literacy Research","author":"Heath SB","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr32-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) (2011) IACC letter to US Secretary of the Dept. of Health and Human Services. Available at: https:\/\/iacc.hhs.gov\/publications\/general\/2011\/letter_safety_sebelius_031611.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr33-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088357610361344"},{"key":"bibr34-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Law P, Anderson C (2011) IAN research report: elopement and wandering. Available at: https:\/\/iancommunity.org\/cs\/ian_research_reports\/ian_research_report_elopement (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr35-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1161849"},{"key":"bibr36-1362361316680182","unstructured":"McIlwain L, Fournier W (2012) Lethal outcomes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) wandering\/elopement. Available at: http:\/\/nationalautismassociation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/Lethal-Outcomes-In-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders_2012.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr37-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Malinconico J (2014) Two Paterson special ed students left bus during ride to school, 22 May. Paterson, NJ: Paterson Press. Available at: http:\/\/www.northjersey.com\/news\/two-paterson-special-ed-students-left-bus-during-ride-to-school-1.1022052 (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr38-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Malinconico J (2015) Parent: school bus dropped off 8-year-old with autism when nobody was home in Paterson, 18 September. Paterson, NJ: Paterson Press. Available at: http:\/\/www.northjersey.com\/news\/parent-school-bus-dropped-off-8-year-old-with-autism-when-nobody-was-home-in-paterson-1.1413343 (accessed 5 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr39-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Mathis WJ, Jimerson L (2008) A guide to contracting out school support services: good for the school? Good for the community? The Great Lakes Center for Education Research & Practice. Available at: http:\/\/greatlakescenter.org\/docs\/Policy_Briefs\/Mathis_ContractingOut.pdf (accesed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr40-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/cpr.2011.0022"},{"key":"bibr41-1362361316680182","unstructured":"NSTA (2013) The yellow school bus industry. Available at: https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/nsta\/6571\/Yellow-School-Bus-Industry-White-Paper.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr42-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00172"},{"key":"bibr43-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods","author":"Patton MQ","year":"2014","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr44-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.08.006"},{"key":"bibr45-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.201"},{"key":"bibr46-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0164212X.2012.679533"},{"key":"bibr47-1362361316680182","unstructured":"Price M, Herzenberg S, Brandon S, et al. (2012) Runaway spending: private contractors increase the cost of school student transportation services in Pennsylvania. Kaystone Research Center. Available at: http:\/\/keystoneresearch.org\/sites\/default\/files\/RunawaySpending.pdf (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr48-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Narrative Analysis","author":"Reissman CK","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr49-1362361316680182","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Disability, Human Rights and Limits of Humanitarianism","author":"Sherry M","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr50-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1745855208006236"},{"key":"bibr51-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Understanding Autism: Parents, Doctors, and the History of a Disorder","author":"Silverman C","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr52-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445604041770"},{"key":"bibr53-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.034"},{"key":"bibr54-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12237"},{"key":"bibr55-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2550-2"},{"key":"bibr56-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Making a Difference in the Lives of Bilingual\/Bicultural Children","author":"Soto LD","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr57-1362361316680182","volume-title":"The Art of Case Study Research","author":"Stake RE","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr58-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.47.9.804"},{"key":"bibr59-1362361316680182","unstructured":"US Department of Education (2004) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, United States. Available at: http:\/\/idea.ed.gov\/download\/statute.html (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr60-1362361316680182","unstructured":"US Department of Education (2006) Topic: secondary transition. Available at: http:\/\/idea.ed.gov\/explore\/view\/p\/,root,dynamic,TopicalBrief,17 (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr61-1362361316680182","unstructured":"US Department of Justice (2009) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Amendments Act of 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.ada.gov\/2010_regs.htm (accessed 21 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr62-1362361316680182","volume-title":"Case Study Research: Design and Methods","author":"Yin RK","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr63-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2013.008250"},{"key":"bibr64-1362361316680182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313477920"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1362361316680182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1362361316680182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1362361316680182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:48:29Z","timestamp":1777380509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1362361316680182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1362361316680182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316680182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}}}