{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:34:22Z","timestamp":1792089262949,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DC017013-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DC017013-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is a qualitative investigation of caregiver\u2013child interactions, involving 15 autistic children who are in the early stages of language learning. Data consisted of 15-min videos of free-play interactions recorded in a University clinic. We use conversation analysis to examine the sequence organization of proposal episodes, where the caregiver proposes some course of action regarding the child\u2019s play activity. Prior work has used a speech act theoretical framework to identify follow-in directives, which are similar to proposals, but identified at the utterance level rather than at the level of social action. According to conversation analysis, social actions are implemented over multiple interactional turns and produced in collaboration between interaction partners. Our analysis showed that caregivers design their talk in ways that enable autistic children\u2019s participation in interactional turn-taking by forecasting the upcoming proposal. They also socialize children into expectations around turn-taking, by providing an \u201cinteraction envelope\u201d around children\u2019s conduct so that it can be construed as completing interactional sequences. Finally, we show how autistic children can display an orientation to turn-taking by timing their interactive moves to occur at transitional moments in the interaction in ways similar to adult conversational turn-taking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this article we use a qualitative method, conversation analysis, to examine videos of caregivers interacting with their young autistic children who are in the early phases of language learning. Conversation analysis involves preparation of detailed transcripts of video data, which are then analyzed together to understand how interactional moves (e.g. talk, gestures, and physical conduct) are linked with prior and subsequent interactional moves. We analyzed data from 15 participants, and focused on instances when caregivers made a proposal about something the child was playing with. In previous research, similar instances have been referred to as \u201cfollow-in directives.\u201d We found that these proposals were embedded in sequences that had a similar structure, and were prefaced with a \u2018pre-proposal\u2019; where the caregiver established the child\u2019s interest in a joint activity and signaled the upcoming proposal. The caregiver\u2019s talk was also provided in such a way that there was a clear \u201cslot\u201d for the child\u2019s turn, which made it easy for the child\u2019s actions to become part of an interactional sequence. In addition, proposal sequences were very negotiable\u2014the caregivers do not usually insist that the child follow through on the proposal, only that they produce an action that could be taken as a response. Finally, there were some instances where the child\u2019s turn was very precisely timed to occur right at the end of a caregiver\u2019s proposal; this precise timing could signal the child\u2019s understanding of how interactional turn-taking works. We suggest that this method of examining caregiver\u2013child interactions provides new insights into how interactions proceed, which could be useful for future intervention research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211046799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T01:51:10Z","timestamp":1632534670000},"page":"1267-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sequence organization of autistic children\u2019s play with caregivers: Rethinking follow-in directives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Bottema-Beutel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston College, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston College, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duksung Women\u2019s University, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13623613211046799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0601-7"},{"key":"bibr2-13623613211046799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445611427215"},{"key":"bibr3-13623613211046799","volume-title":"How to do things with words","author":"Austin L. 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