{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1790856097811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NWO","award":["453-16-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453-16-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Prospective memory helps us to remember to perform tasks in the future. Prospective memory can be either time or event based. The goal of this study was to determine time- and event-based prospective memory in autistic adults across the life span. Autistic (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200982) and non-autistic (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009111) adults, aged between 30 and 86\u2009years, performed the lab-based Amsterdam Breakfast Task, and several naturalistic prospective memory tasks. Preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #34249) were performed using classical frequentist as well as Bayesian statistics. On none of the prospective memory tasks, group differences were observed. Our results show no effect of age on naturalistic tasks, but age did affect our lab-based measure, indicative of the age paradox often described in non-autistic adults. Moreover, we found evidence for a parallel age-related effect of lab-based and naturalistic prospective memory in autistic and non-autistic individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">What is already known<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Prospective memory is an important function for daily living. It is the cognitive function that helps you remember that you are meeting your friend for coffee at 2\u2009pm tomorrow, or that you need to take your vitamins after breakfast. This cognitive function is particularly important in autistic adults, but how prospective memory is associated with increasing age, we currently do not know.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">What this paper adds<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Although performance on experimental tasks that measure prospective memory decreases with age, this pattern is similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. No age effects were found for tasks that were performed outside the lab. Autistic adults and non-autistic adults perform similarly on prospective memory, and this performance remains similar when autistic and non-autistic adults age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Implications for practice, research, or policy<\/jats:italic>\n                      : While our results show that prospective memory decreased with increasing age, our results do point to parallel development of prospective memory in autistic and non-autistic adults. This finding serves as a reassurance for those individuals concerned that older autistic individuals might show quicker cognitive decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231225489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T07:23:35Z","timestamp":1705649015000},"page":"2254-2266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Remembering the future; prospective memory across the autistic adult\u2019s life span"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8394-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabeth P","family":"Groenman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0865-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolien","family":"Torenvliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9271-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulsi A","family":"Radhoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost A","family":"Agelink van Rentergem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5411-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wikke","family":"van der Putten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leo Kannerhuis (Youz\/Parnassiagroep), The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mareike","family":"Altgassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilde M","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leo Kannerhuis (Youz\/Parnassiagroep), The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altgassen M. Koban N. Kliegel M. (2012). Do adults with autism spectrum disorders compensate in naturalistic prospective memory tasks? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42(10) 2141\u20132151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-012-1466-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1466-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altgassen M. Koch A. (2014). Impact of inhibitory load on remembering delayed intentions in autism. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities 60(3) 198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2047387714Y.0000000042","DOI":"10.1179\/2047387714Y.0000000042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croen L. A. Zerbo O. Qian Y. Massolo M. L. Rich S. Sidney S. Kripke C. (2015). The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice 19(7) 814\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315577517","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davids R. C. D. Groen Y. Berg I. J. Tucha O. M. van Balkom I. D. C. (2016). Executive functions in older adults with autism spectrum disorder: Objective performance and subjective complaints. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 46(9) 2859\u20132873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2831-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2831-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehnavi F. Khan A. (2023). Time-based and event-based prospective memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A virtual week investigation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-023-05975-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-023-05975-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Prospective Memory: Theory and Applications","author":"Einstein G. O.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Einstein G. O., McDaniel M. A. (1996). Retrieval processes in prospective memory: Theoretical approaches and some new empirical findings. In Brandimonte M., Einstein G. O., McDaniel M. A. (Eds.), Prospective Memory: Theory and Applications (pp. 115\u2013141). Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geurts H. M. Agelink van Rentergem J. A. Radhoe T. Torenvliet C. Van der Putten W. J. Groenman A. P. (2021). Ageing and heterogeneity regarding autism spectrum conditions: A protocol paper of an accelerated longitudinal study. BMJ Open 11(3) Article e040943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040943","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geurts H. M. McQuaid G. A. Begeer S. Wallace G. L. (2022). Self-reported parkinsonism features in older autistic adults: A descriptive study. Autism 26(1) 217\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211020183","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211020183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geurts H. M. Pol S. E. Lobbestael J. Simons C. J. P. (2020). Executive functioning in 60+\u2009autistic males: The discrepancy between experienced challenges and cognitive performance. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50(4) 1380\u20131390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04368-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04368-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hand B. N. Angell A. M. Harris L. Carpenter L. A. (2020). Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled autistic older adults. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice 24(3) 755\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361319890793","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319890793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry J. D. MacLeod M. S. Phillips L. H. Crawford J. R. (2004). A meta-analytic review of prospective memory and aging. Psychology and Aging 19(1) 27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0882-7974.19.1.27","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.19.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hering A. Cortez S. A. Kliegel M. Altgassen M. (2014). Revisiting the age-prospective memory-paradox: The role of planning and task experience. European Journal of Ageing 11(1) 99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10433-013-0284-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-013-0284-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hering A. Kliegel M. Rendell P. G. Craik F. I. M. Rose N. S. (2018). Prospective memory is a key predictor of functional independence in older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24(6) 640\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617718000152","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617718000152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holleman G. A. Hooge I. T. C. Kemner C. Hessels R. S. (2020). The \u201creal-world approach\u201d and its problems: A critique of the term ecological validity. Frontiers in Psychology 11 721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00721","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","volume-title":"JASP","author":"JASP Team","year":"2020","unstructured":"JASP Team. (2020). JASP (Version 0.14.1). JASP Team."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kvavilashvili L. Cockburn J. Kornbrot D. E. (2013). Prospective memory and ageing paradox with event-based tasks: A study of young young-old and old-old participants. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66(5) 864\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.721379","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.721379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landsiedel J. Williams D. M. Abbot-Smith K. (2017). A meta-analysis and critical review of prospective memory in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47(3) 646\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2987-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2987-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee M. D. Wagenmakers E.-J. (2014). Bayesian cognitive modeling: A practical course. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139087759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lever A. G. Geurts H. M. (2016). Age-related differences in cognition across the adult lifespan in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research 9(6) 666\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1545","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Livingston L. A. Happ\u00e9 F. (2017). Conceptualising compensation in neurodevelopmental disorders: Reflections from autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 80 729\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(96)00024-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nastase S. A. Goldstein A. Hasson U. (2020). Keep it real: Rethinking the primacy of experimental control in cognitive neuroscience. NeuroImage 222 117254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nied\u017awie\u0144ska A. Barzykowski K. (2012). The age prospective memory paradox within the same sample in time-based and event-based tasks. Neuropsychology Development and Cognition. Section B Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition 19(1\u20132) 58\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825585.2011.628374","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2011.628374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagni B. A. Walsh M. J. M. Ofori E. Chen K. Sullivan G. Alvar J. Monahan L. Guerithault N. Delaney S. Braden B. B. (2022). Effects of age on the hippocampus and verbal memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Longitudinal versus cross-sectional findings. Autism Research 15(10) 1810\u20131823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2797","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palermo L. Cinelli M. C. Piccardi L. Ciurli P. Incoccia C. Zompanti L. Guariglia C. (2016). Women outperform men in remembering to remember. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 69(1) 65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2015.1023734","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2015.1023734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives","author":"Phillips L. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillips L. H., Henry J. D., Martin M. (2008). Adult aging and prospective memory: The importance of ecological validity. In Kliegel M., McDaniel M. A., Einstein G. O. (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 161\u2013185). Taylor & Francis Group\/Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Roestorf A. (2018). Ageing Cognition and Quality of Life in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies. 370."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"RStudio Team. (2015). RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnitzspahn K. M. Kvavilashvili L. Altgassen M. (2020). Redefining the pattern of age-prospective memory-paradox: New insights on age effects in lab-based naturalistic and self-assigned tasks. Psychological Research 84(5) 1370\u20131386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-018-1140-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-018-1140-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheppard D. P. Bruineberg J. P. Kretschmer-Trendowicz A. Altgassen M. (2018). Prospective memory in autism: Theory and literature review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 32(5) 748\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2018.1435823","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2018.1435823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheppard D. P. Matchanova A. Sullivan K. L. Kazimi S. I. Woods S. P. (2020). Prospective memory partially mediates the association between aging and everyday functioning. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 34(4) 755\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2019.1637461","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2019.1637461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torenvliet C. Groenman A. P. Radhoe T. A. Agelink van Rentergem J. A. Van der Putten W. J. Geurts H. M. (2023). A longitudinal study on cognitive aging in autism. Psychiatry Research 321 115063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04122-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uttl B. (2008). Transparent meta-analysis of prospective memory and aging. PLoS ONE 3(2) Article e1568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001568","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Atteveldt N. van Kesteren M. T. R. Braams B. Krabbendam L. (2018). Neuroimaging of learning and development: Improving ecological validity. Frontline Learning Research 6(3) 186\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14786\/flr.v6i3.366","DOI":"10.14786\/flr.v6i3.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vivanti G. Tao S. Lyall K. Robins D. L. Shea L. L. (2021). The prevalence and incidence of early-onset dementia among adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research 14(10) 2189\u20132199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2590","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams D. M. Jarrold C. Grainger C. Lind S. E. (2014). Diminished time-based but undiminished event-based prospective memory among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder: Relation to working memory ability. Neuropsychology 28(1) 30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0000008","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000380"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613231225489","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13623613231225489","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613231225489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:51:43Z","timestamp":1777380703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13623613231225489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13623613231225489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613231225489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}