{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:49:28Z","timestamp":1777452568032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH90194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH90194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K99HD105980-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K99HD105980-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32HD097877-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD097877-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L40HD103202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L40HD103202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability, has a co-occurrence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) estimated at ~60%. The onset and rates of motor development in FXS are slower relative to neurotypical development, and even more so in the context of co-occurring FXS\u2009+\u2009ASD. Extant evidence suggests these differences are likely to affect communication, yet this developmental process or how it varies in the context of co-occurring ASD remains unknown in FXS. We aimed to delineate developmental associations between early motor abilities and their rate of development from 9 to 60\u2009months of age on communication outcomes in 51 children with FXS, 28 of whom had co-occurring ASD. We also aimed to identify variation in these developmental associations in the context of co-occurring ASD. Results captured within-syndrome variability in these developmental associations as a function of co-occurring ASD. Fine motor proved to be a robust predictor of receptive communication regardless of co-occurring ASD, but we identified differences between FXS with and without ASD in the association between aspects of motor development and expressive outcomes. Findings provide evidence for differential developmental processes in the context of co-occurring ASD with implications for timely developmental intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability, has a co-occurrence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) estimated at ~60%. Children with FXS experience delayed achievement and slower development of key motor abilities, which happens to an even greater extent for children with both FXS and ASD. A multitude of studies have demonstrated that motor abilities are foundational skills related to later communication outcomes in neurotypical development, as well as in the context of ASD. However, these associations remain unexamined in FXS, or FXS\u2009+\u2009ASD. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between early motor skills and their rate of development on communication outcomes in FXS. Furthermore, we investigated whether these associations varied in the context of co-occurring FXS\u2009+\u2009ASD. Results revealed within-FXS variation in the context of co-occurring ASD between some aspects of motor development and communication outcomes, yet within-FXS consistency between others. Findings provide evidence for variability in developmental processes and outcomes in FXS in the context of co-occurring ASD and offer implications for intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231225498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1709875552000},"page":"2191-2203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Developmental associations between motor and communication outcomes in Fragile X syndrome: Variation in the context of co-occurring autism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Will","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly J","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"McQuillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranek G. T. Danko C. D. Skinner M. L. Hatton D. B.Jr. Deborah D. Roberts J. E. Mirrett P. L. (2005). Video analysis of sensory-motor features in infants with Fragile X syndrome at 9\u201312 months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35(5) 645\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-005-0008-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-0008-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhat A. N. (2021). Motor impairment increases in children with autism spectrum disorder as a function of social communication cognitive and functional impairment repetitive behavior severity and comorbid diagnoses: A SPARK study report. Autism Research 14(1) 202\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2453","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhat A. N. Boulton A. J. Tulsky D. S. (2022). A further study of relations between motor impairment and social communication cognitive language functional impairments and repetitive behavior severity in children with ASD using the SPARK study dataset. Autism Research 15(6) 1156\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2711","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhat A. N. Galloway J. C. Landa R. J. (2012). Relation between early motor delay and later communication delay in infants at risk for autism. Infant Behavior and Development 35(4) 838\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infbeh.2012.07.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2012.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop S. L. Thurm A. Farmer C. Lord C. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder intellectual disability and delayed walking. Pediatrics 137(3) e20152959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-2959","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornstein M. H. Hahn C.-S. Suwalsky J. T. D. (2013). Physically developed and exploratory young infants contribute to their own long-term academic achievement. Psychological Science 24(10) 1906\u20131917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797613479974","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613479974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradshaw J. Klaiman C. Gillespie S. Brane N. Lewis M. Saulnier C. (2018). Walking ability is associated with social communication skills in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Infancy 23(5) 674\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/infa.12242","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewe A. M. Reisinger D. L. Adlof S. M. Roberts J. E. (2018). Initiating joint attention use in infants at high-risk for autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 62(10) 842\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.12539","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruyneel E. Demurie E. Warreyn P. Roeyers H. (2019). The mediating role of joint attention in the relationship between motor skills and receptive and expressive language in siblings at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Infant Behavior and Development 57 101377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infbeh.2019.101377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2019.101377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caravella K. E. Roberts J. E. (2017). Adaptive skill trajectories in infants with Fragile X syndrome contrasted to typical controls and infants at high risk for autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 40 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawson G. Toth K. Abbott R. Osterling J. Munson J. Estes A. Liaw J. (2004). Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting joint attention and attention to distress. Developmental Psychology 40(2) 271\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology 64(1) 135\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn L. J. Brady N. C. Fleming K. K. Warren S. F. (2016). Joint engagement and early language in young children with Fragile X syndrome. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 59(5) 1087\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0005","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn L. J. Brady N. C. McCary L. Rague L. Roberts J. E. (2017). Early social communication in infants with Fragile X syndrome and infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities 71 169\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heiman C. M. Cole W. G. Lee D. K. Adolph K. E. (2019). Object interaction and walking: integration of old and new skills in infant development. Infancy 24(4) 547\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/infa.12289","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinton R. Budimirovic D. B. Marschik P. B. Talisa V. B. Einspieler C. Gipson T. Johnston M. V. (2013). Parental reports on early language and motor milestones in Fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 16(1) 58\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17518423.2012.704414","DOI":"10.3109\/17518423.2012.704414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter J. Rivero-Arias O. Angelov A. Kim E. Fotheringham I. Leal J. (2014). Epidemiology of Fragile X syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 164A(7) 1648\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.36511","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iverson J. M. (2021). Developmental variability and developmental cascades: Lessons from motor and language development in infancy. Current Directions in Psychological Science 30(3) 228\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721421993822","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721421993822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufmann W. E. Kidd S. A. Andrews H. F. Budimirovic D. B. Esler A. Haas-Givler B. Stackhouse T. Riley C. Peacock G. Sherman S. L. Brown W. T. Berry-Kravis E. (2017). Autism spectrum disorder in Fragile X syndrome: Cooccurring conditions and current treatment. Pediatrics 139(Suppl. 3) S194\u2013S206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-1159F","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1159F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klusek J. Roberts J. E. Losh M. (2015). Cardiac autonomic regulation in autism and Fragile X syndrome: A review. Psychological Bulletin 141(1) 141\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038237","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeBarton E. S. Iverson J. M. (2013). Fine motor skill predicts expressive language in infant siblings of children with autism. Developmental Science 16 815\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12069","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeBarton E. S. Iverson J. M. (2016). Associations between gross motor and communicative development in at-risk infants. Infant Behavior and Development 44 59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infbeh.2016.05.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libertus K. Violi D. A. (2016). Sit to talk: Relation between motor skills and language development in infancy. Frontiers in Psychology 7 Article 475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00475","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loesch D. Z. Huggins R. M. Hagerman R. J. (2004). Phenotypic variation and FMRP levels in Fragile X. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10(1) 31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrdd.20006","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: ADOS-2","author":"Lord C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lord C., DiLavore P. C., Gotham K., Guthrie W., Luyster R. J., Risi S., Rutter M. (2012). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: ADOS-2. Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason G. M. Goldstein M. H. Schwade J. A. (2019). The role of multisensory development in early language learning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 183 48\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2018.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2018.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyake A. Friedman N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science 21(1) 8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721411429458","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyake A. Friedman N. P. Emerson M. J. Witzki A. H. Howerter A. Wager T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex \u201cfrontal lobe\u201d tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 41(1) 49\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"Mullen E. M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullen E. M. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Circle Pines, MN: AGS"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundy P. Sigman M. (1989). The theoretical implications of joint-attention deficits in autism. Development and Psychopathology 1(3) 173\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579400000365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400000365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Needham A. Barrett T. Peterman K. (2002). A pick-me-up for infants\u2019 exploratory skills: Early simulated experiences reaching for objects using \u201csticky mittens\u201d enhances young infants\u2019 object exploration skills. Infant Behavior and Development 25(3) 279\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-6383(02)00097-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(02)00097-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Needham A. Libertus K. (2011). Embodiment in early development. WIREs Cognitive Science 2(1) 117\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wcs.109","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira A. F. Smith L. B. Yu C. (2014). A bottom-up view of toddler word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 21(1) 178\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-013-0466-4","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-013-0466-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts J. E. Bradshaw J. Will E. Hogan A. L. McQuillin S. Hills K. (2020). Emergence and rate of autism in Fragile X syndrome across the first years of life. Development and Psychopathology 32(4) 1335\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579420000942","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts J. E. Mirrett P. Anderson K. Burchinal M. Neebe E. (2002). Early communication symbolic behavior and social profiles of young males with Fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 11(3) 295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/034)","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/034)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_3_39_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts J. E. Mirrett P. Burchinal M. (2001). Receptive and expressive communication development of young males with Fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation 106","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0216:RAECDO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_3_39_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(3) 216-230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0216:RAECDO>2.0.CO;2","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0216:RAECDO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","volume-title":"ADI-R: Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised: Manual","author":"Rutter M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rutter M., Le Couteur A., Lord C. (2013). ADI-R: Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised: Manual. Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt L. Shaffer R. Hessl D. Erickson C. (2019). Executive function in Fragile X syndrome: A systematic review. Brain Sciences 9(1) 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci9010015","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9010015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith L. B. (2005). Cognition as a dynamic system: Principles from embodiment. Developmental Review 25(3) 278\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dr.2005.11.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith L. B. (2010). Action as developmental process\u2014A commentary on Iverson\u2019s \u201cDeveloping language in a developing body: The relationship between motor development and language development.\u201d Journal of Child Language 37(2) 263\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305000909990535","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000909990535"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith L. B. Thelen E. (2003). Development as a dynamic system. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7(8) 343\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00156-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00156-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith L. B. Yu C. Pereira A. F. (2011). Not your mother\u2019s view: The dynamics of toddler visual experience: Dynamics of toddler visual experience. Developmental Science 14(1) 9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00947.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales\u20142nd edition manual","author":"Sparrow S. S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sparrow S. S., Cicchetti D., Balla D. A. (2005). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales\u20142nd edition manual. NCS Pearson."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St. John T. Estes A. M. Dager S. R. Kostopoulos P. Wolff J. J. Pandey J. Elison J. T. Paterson S. J. Schultz R. T. Botteron K. Hazlett H. Piven J. (2016). Emerging executive functioning and motor development in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychology 7 Article 1016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01016","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Speech and language development and intervention in Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome","author":"Sterling A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sterling A., Warren S. F. (2008). Communication and language development in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome. In Roberts J. E., Chapman R. S., Warren S. F. (Eds.), Speech and language development and intervention in Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome (pp. 53\u201376). Paul H. Brookes."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassone F. Hagerman R. J. Taylor A. K. Gane L. W. Godfrey T. E. Hagerman P. J. (2000). Elevated levels of FMR1 mRNA in carrier males: A new mechanism of involvement in the Fragile-X syndrome. The American Journal of Human Genetics 66(1) 6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/302720","DOI":"10.1086\/302720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thelen E. (2005). Dynamic systems theory and the complexity of change. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 15(2) 255\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10481881509348831","DOI":"10.1080\/10481881509348831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walle E. A. Campos J. J. (2014). Infant language development is related to the acquisition of walking. Developmental Psychology 50(2) 336\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033238","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West K. L. (2019). Infant motor development in autism spectrum disorder: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Child Development 90(6) 2053\u20132070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13086","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West K. L. Iverson J. M. (2017). Language learning is hands-on: Exploring links between infants\u2019 object manipulation and verbal input. Cognitive Development 43 190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogdev.2017.05.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Will E. A. (2021). Associated mechanisms of goal directed behavior in infants and young children with Down syndrome. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders 5(2) 218\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41252-021-00197-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s41252-021-00197-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Will E. A. Bishop S. L. Roberts J. E. (2019). Developmental divergence: Motor trajectories in children with Fragile X syndrome with and without co-occurring autism. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 11(1) Article 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11689-019-9281-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-019-9281-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Will E. A. Caravella K. E. Hahn L. J. Fidler D. J. Roberts J. E. (2018). Adaptive behavior in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 177(3) 358\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32619","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Will E. A. Roberts J. E. (2021). Motor influences on communication: Comparisons between Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 126(6) 460\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-126.6.460","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-126.6.460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolff J. J. Bodfish J. W. Hazlett H. C. Lightbody A. A. Reiss A. L. Piven J. (2012). Evidence of a distinct behavioral phenotype in young boys with Fragile X syndrome and autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 51(12) 1324\u20131332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu C. Smith L. B. (2012). Embodied attention and word learning by toddlers. Cognition 125(2) 244\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.06.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu C. Smith L. B. (2017). Multiple sensory-motor pathways lead to coordinated visual attention. Cognitive Science 41(Suppl. 1) 5\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cogs.12366","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.1.2.198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zingerevich C. Greiss-Hess L. Lemons-Chitwood K. Harris S. W. Hessl D. Cook K. Hagerman R. J. (2009). Motor abilities of children diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome with and without autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 53(1) 11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01107.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01107.x"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613231225498","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13623613231225498","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613231225498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:51:47Z","timestamp":1777380707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13623613231225498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13623613231225498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613231225498","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]}}}