{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:55:21Z","timestamp":1777485321773,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002811","name":"Cathay General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGH-MR-A10822, 107-CGN15, and 108-CGN20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGH-MR-A10822, 107-CGN15, and 108-CGN20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This pilot study investigates the feasibility and assesses the impact of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 probiotics on the neurological function in Rett syndrome. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial on Rett syndrome with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MECP2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation aged between 1 and 50\u2009years in Taiwan. In this pilot study, twice-daily\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 or placebo was administered for 16\u2009weeks. In addition to feasibility, we also assessed the changes utilizing the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. In total, 36 participants were finally randomized into\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 (n\u2009=\u200918) or placebo (n\u2009=\u200918) groups. At the end of intervention, the retention rates were 100% for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 and 94.44% for placebo, with withdrawal rates of 5.56% for the placebo group. Both groups tolerated well, except for one\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 participant who reported loose stool. The probiotic group showed a change of 2.19\u2009\u00b1\u20093.76, while the placebo group had \u22120.85\u2009\u00b1\u20095.09 (p\u2009=\u20090.051) in the total age-equivalent scores of Mullen Scales of Early Learning. There was a significant difference in the change of the total score on the Burke\u2013Fahn\u2013Marsden Movement Scale between probiotc group and placebo group (\u221212.19\u2009\u00b1\u200912.12 vs \u22124.59\u2009\u00b1\u20094.20, p\u2009=\u20090.020). In leg dystonia, the probiotic group exhibited a change of \u22124.11\u2009\u00b1\u20095.11 compared with \u22120.38\u2009\u00b1\u20091.50 in the placebo group (p\u2009=\u20090.008). Our findings affirm the feasibility of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    PS128 in Rett syndrome. Future clinical trials are mandatory to further explore its long-term impact on Rett syndrome.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rett syndrome often involves gastrointestinal symptoms and gut microbiota imbalances. We conducted a study to explore the feasibility of probiotic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      PS128 and the impact on neurological functions in Rett syndrome. The results of our investigation demonstrated that the supplementation of probiotic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      PS128 was feasible and well tolerated, with 100% retention rate and 0% withdrawal rate. In addition, there was only one participant who had loose stool after taking\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      PS128. Further, there was a tendency to enhance overall cognitive developmental level, as assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning. In addition, it significantly improved dystonia, as assessed using the Burke\u2013Fahn\u2013Marsden Movement Scale, in comparison with the placebo group. This study provides a strong foundation for future research and clinical trials exploring the potential of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      PS128 probiotics as a complementary therapy for individuals with Rett syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231225899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1708046672000},"page":"2267-2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigating the impact of probiotic on neurological outcomes in Rett syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lee Chin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jui","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Tzu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsu-Feng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Hsiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital YunLin Branch, YunLin, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Ching","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chieh","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Che","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3231-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang-Tso","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.2.4.5212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke R. 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